GABA Signaling

Question 1

GABA stands for

Answer 1

Gamma Amino Butryric Acid

Question 2

The amino group of GABA is in the ____ position

Answer 2

Gamma

Question 3

The name of GABA is a misnomer because

Answer 3

it is not an acid

Question 4

GABA functions as a ______

Answer 4

neurotransmitter

Question 5

How is GABA produced

Answer 5

• in metabolic process of cell and then released

- manufactured in cytosol and in vesicles, this allows it to fuse with the membrane and be released

Question 6

What all bind to GABA receptor

Answer 6

valium, barbiturates, Gabapentin, Anesthetics, and alcohol

Question 7

GAD (Glutamic acid decarboxylase) catalyzes

Answer 7

removes carboxyl group from glutamate to form GABA

and CO2

Question 8

GABA signalling activates neural _____

Answer 8

inhibition

Question 9

Reactions of the ______ are responsible for the synthesis, conservation, and metabolism of GABA

Answer 9

GABA shunt

Question 10

SSADH (succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase) catalyzes

Answer 10

Succinic semialdehyde + NAD —-> NADH + Succinate

and reverse reaction

Question 11

GABA-T catalyzes

Answer 11

Gamm-Amino Butryrate + Alpha-Ketoglutarate ——> Succinic semialdehyde + Glutamate (and reverse reaction)

(also note that B6 (biotin) is required as cofactor)

Question 12

What is the cofactor for GABA-T

Answer 12

B6 (Biotin) ( this is the cofactor for all aminotransferases)

Question 13

GABA receptors fall into a class of PLGC receptors what does that stand for

Answer 13

Pentameric ligand gated channels

Question 14

How many total membrane -spanning regions does a GABA receptor have

Answer 14

20 (5 homologous subunits each of which has four membrane-spanning regions)

Question 15

How many genes code for the GABA receptors subunits

Answer 15

19

Question 16

The central core of the GABA receptor is a ____ channel

Answer 16

Choride ion channel

Question 17

Benzodiazepine act on GABA receptors by

Answer 17

Bind between Alpha1 and Gamma2

extends how long the chloride channels is open
but they still require GABA to open the channel

Question 18

Benzodiazepine binds to GABA receptors at

Answer 18

Alpha1 Gamma2 junction

Question 19

GABA has 2 binding sites on a GABA receptor between

Answer 19

Alpha1 and Beta2 subunits

Question 20

What terminus of GABA receptors is almost all extracellular

Answer 20

N-terminus

Question 21

The C and N terminuses of GABA receptors are

Answer 21

extracellular

Question 22

What terminus of GABA receptor binds most of GABA

Answer 22

N-terminus

Question 23

What is the major Isoform of GABA receptor

Answer 23

alpha1,beta2,Gamma2

Question 24

The alpha1,beta2,Gamma2 isoform of GABA receptors make up about ____% of all GABA receptors in the brain

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

Etomidate binding sites for GABA receptor

Answer 25

are located in the transmembrane domain at beta/alpha interfaces

Question 26

Phasic inhibition

Answer 26

is dependent on the release of neurotransmitter and occurs at the synapse

Question 27

Tonic inhibition

Answer 27

is extrasynaptic, as the GABA is taken up at synapse some of it gets out of celft and acts on other neurons (they are acted on by this escaped GABA)

Question 28

Glycine and GABA receptors are bound linked to other Glycine or GABA receptors respectively by what? This creates what factor

Answer 28

Gephyrin. This allows for the clustering of the receptors at synapses and dispersion of clusters during plasticity

Question 29

GABA-T catalyzes

Answer 29

Gamm-Amino Butryrate + Alpha-Ketoglutarate ——> Succinic semialdehyde + Glutamate (and reverse reaction)

(also note that B6 (biotin) is required as cofactor)

Question 30

What is the cofactor for GABA-T

Answer 30

B6 (Biotin) ( this is the cofactor for all aminotransferases)

Question 31

GABA receptors fall into a class of PLGC receptors what does that stand for

Answer 31

Pentameric ligand gated channels

Question 32

How many total membrane -spanning regions does a GABA receptor have

Answer 32

20 (5 homologous subunits each of which has four membrane-spanning regions)

Question 33

How many genes code for the GABA receptors subunits

Answer 33

19

Question 34

The central core of the GABA receptor is a ____ channel

Answer 34

Choride ion channel

Question 35

Benzodiazepine act on GABA receptors by

Answer 35

Bind between Alpha1 and Gamma2

extends how long the chloride channels is open
but they still require GABA to open the channel

Question 36

Benzodiazepine binds to GABA receptors at

Answer 36

Alpha1 Gamma2 junction

Question 37

GABA has 2 binding sites on a GABA receptor between

Answer 37

Alpha1 and Beta2 subunits

Question 38

What terminus of GABA receptors is almost all extracellular

Answer 38

N-terminus

Question 39

The C and N terminuses of GABA receptors are

Answer 39

extracellular

Question 40

What terminus of GABA receptor binds most of GABA

Answer 40

N-terminus

Question 41

What is the major Isoform of GABA receptor

Answer 41

alpha1,beta2,Gamma2

Question 42

The alpha1,beta2,Gamma2 isoform of GABA receptors make up about ____% of all GABA receptors in the brain

Answer 42

80%

Question 43

Etomidate binding sites for GABA receptor

Answer 43

are located in the transmembrane domain at beta/alpha interfaces

Question 44

Phasic inhibition

Answer 44

is dependent on the release of neurotransmitter and occurs at the synapse

Question 45

Tonic inhibition

Answer 45

is extrasynaptic, as the GABA is taken up at synapse some of it gets out of celft and acts on other neurons (they are acted on by this escaped GABA)

Question 46

Glycine and GABA receptors are bound linked to other Glycine or GABA receptors respectively by what? This creates what factor

Answer 46

Gephyrin. This allows for the clustering of the receptors at synapses and dispersion of clusters during plasticity