GA2 - the skull development

Question 1

cranium consists of 2 things

Answer 1

neurocranium

viscerocranium

Question 2

neurocranium is the protective case for the ___

Answer 2

brain

Question 3

neurocranium is derived from ___ ___ and ___

Answer 3

occipital somites

somitomeres

Question 4

viscerocranium is the skeleton of the ___

Answer 4

face

Question 5

viscerocranium is derived from the ___ via the invaginated head ____ ____

Answer 5

ectoderm

neural crest

Question 6

viscerocranium has the ___ and ___ openings in it

Answer 6

respiratory

digestive

Question 7

cartilaginous neurocranium consists of the bones of the ___ of the skull

Answer 7

base

Question 8

membranous neurocranium consists of ____ bones

Answer 8

flat

Question 9

cartilaginous has 3 steps

Answer 9

mesenchymal
cartilaginous
ossification

Question 10

membranous has 2 steps

Answer 10

mesenchymal

ossification

Question 11

cartilaginous neurocranium consists initially of a number of ___ cartilages

Answer 11

separate

Question 12

when the cartilages of the neurocranium fuse and ossify by ____ ossification, the __ of the skull is formed

Answer 12

endochondral

base

Question 13

membranous neurocranium form the ___ and __ of the skull; develop from ___ investing the brain and undergo ___ ossification

Answer 13

sides
roof
mesenchyme
membranous

Question 14

_____ are fibrous tissue membrane separating the bones of the calvaria of a newborn infant

Answer 14

fontanels

Question 15

palpation of the fontanels determines 3 things

Answer 15

• progress of growth of the frontal and parietal bones
• degree of hydration of the infant
• level of intracranial pressure

Question 16

anterior fontanel should close by ____ years

Answer 16

1.5

Question 17

posterior fontanel should close by ___ years

Answer 17

half a year

Question 18

calvaria is the ___ ___

Answer 18

skull cap

Question 19

___ fontanel is the last to ossify

Answer 19

anterior

Question 20

____ ___ is a primary ossification center

Answer 20

frontal eminence

Question 21

if a baby is dehydrated they have a ___ fontanel

Answer 21

depressed

Question 22

ant fontanel is ___ shaped

Answer 22

diamont

Question 23

anterior fontanel is the future site of the ___

Answer 23

bregma

Question 24

fusion of the halves of the frontal bones begin by ___ year of age and complete fusion by the ___ year

Answer 24

2nd

8th

Question 25

posterior fontanel is ___ in shape

Answer 25

triangular

Question 26

posterior fontanel is the future site of the ___

Answer 26

lambda

Question 27

___ and ___ fontanels fuse in infancy and are less important clinically

Answer 27

anterolateral

posterolateral

Question 28

change in the shape of the calvaria during passage of the ___ during ___ ___

Answer 28

baby

child birth

Question 29

___ ___ is the swelling of the scalp

Answer 29

caput succedaneum

Question 30

viscerocranium is formed mainly by cartilages of the ___ ___ ___ ___

Answer 30

first two pharyngeal arches

Question 31

1st cartilage arch

- dorsal portion: gives rise to 3 things

Answer 31

maxilla
zygomatic bone
part of temporal bone

Question 32

1st cartilage arch

- ventral portion: gives rise to 4

Answer 32

mandible
sphenomandibular ligament
incus
malleus

Question 33

2nd arch cartilage

- dorsal portion: forms 2 things

Answer 33

stapes

styloid process

Question 34

2nd portion cartilage

- ventral portion: forms 2 things

Answer 34

lesser horns

styloid process

Question 35

the newborn cranium is ___ in proportion of the rest of the skeleton

Answer 35

large

Question 36

face is relatively ___ compared to the calvaria

Answer 36

small

Question 37

3 things that make up the small facial region of the newborn

Answer 37

small size of the jaw
virtual absence of the paranasal sinuses
underdevelopment of facial bones at birth

Question 38

fibrous sutures of the calvaria allow for the growth of the brian during ___ and ___

Answer 38

infancy

childhood

Question 39

capacity of the calvaria normally increases until about ___ years of age

Answer 39

16

Question 40

paranasal sinuses reach their maximum size during ____ and contribute to the definitive ____ of the face

Answer 40

puberty

face

Question 41

contributing to the shape of the face is the eruption of the ___ ___

Answer 41

permanent teeth

Question 42

sinuses are important in altering the ___ of the face, ___ the skull, and in ___ resonance to the voice

Answer 42

shape
lightening
adding

Question 43

premature closure of the sutures of the skull

Answer 43

craniosynostosis

Question 44

premature closure of the sagittal suture

Answer 44

scaphocephaly

Question 45

premature closure of coronal or lambdoid suture on one side only

Answer 45

plagiocephaly

Question 46

premature closure of the coronal suture

Answer 46

oxycephaly

Question 47

plagiocephaly causes enlargement of ___ side of the skull

Answer 47

one

Question 48

___ - associated with meroanencephaly which results from failure of the cranial end of the neural tube to close during 4th week of development

Answer 48

acrania

Question 49

_____ - partial loss of the brain (usually the cerebrum)

Answer 49

meroanencephaly

Question 50

____ - a result of abnormal CNS development; usually severely mentally retarded

Answer 50

microcephaly