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T2 - Dani's GA2 > GA2 - cervical triangles > Flashcards

GA2 - cervical triangles Flashcards

1
Q

6 superficial structures of the neck

A 
skin
superficial fascia
platysma
cutaneous nerves
superficial veins
superficial lymph nodes
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2
Q

___ embedded in superficial fascia

A

platysma

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3
Q

___ - thin flapped facial muscle

A

platysma

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4
Q

origin of the platysma

A

deep fascia covering the pectoralis major and deltoid muscle

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5
Q

insertion of the platysma

A

lower margin of the body of mandible blending with the muscle at the angle of the mouth

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6
Q

nerve supply of the platysma

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

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7
Q

action of the platysma

A

depresses the mandible and draws the lower lip and angle of the mouth

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8
Q

cutaneous nerves arise from ___ border of the SCM

A

posterior

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9
Q

___ ___ (C_) derived from dorsal ramus of C2

A

greater occipital (C2)

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10
Q

___ ___ nerve is between the semispinalis capitis and splenius capitis

A

greater occipital

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11
Q

___ ___ (C_) runs along the post border of the SCM

A

lesser occipital (C2)

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12
Q

_____ ___ (C_, C_) accompanies external jugular vein

A

great auricular (C2, C3)

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13
Q

____ ___ (C_, C_) crosses the SCM

A

transverse cervical (C2, C3)

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14
Q

____ (C_, C_) has a lot going down toward the clavicle

A

supraclavicular (C3, C4)

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15
Q

4 cutaneous nerves that are branches of the cervical plexus - ventral rami

A 
lesser occipital (C2)
greater auricular (C2, 3)
transverse cervical (C2, 3)
supraclavicular (C3, 4)
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16
Q

___ __ vein drains most of the scalp and side of the face

A

external jugular

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17
Q

____ ____ vein begins at the angle of the mandible

A

external jugular vein

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18
Q

external jugular vein begins at the ___ of ___

A

angle of mandible

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19
Q

external jugular vein begins where the ___ ___ vein and __ division of the ____ vein join

A

post auricular
posterior
retromandibular

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20
Q

external jugular vein ends at the ___ vein

A

subclavian

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21
Q

external jugular vein is seen in patients with ___ ___ ____

A

congestive heart failure

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22
Q

___ ___ vein arises near the hyoid bone from small veins underneath the chin

A

anterior jugular

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23
Q

anterior jugular vein terminates into the ___ ___ vein or the ___ vein

A

external jugular

subclavian

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24
Q

just above the suprasternal notch, the left and right anterior jugular veins may be united by the ___ ___ ___

A

jugular venous arch

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25
Q

what muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

SCM

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26
Q

origin of the SCM

A

manubrium and medial third of clavicle

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27
Q

insertion of the SCM

A

mastoid process of tempral bone

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28
Q

nerve supply of the SCM

A

spinal part of accessory nerve (C2, C3)

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29
Q

action of the SCM

A

bilaterally, it extends the head at the atlanto-occipital joint and flexes the neck at the cervical vertebrae; unilaterally, it laterally bends the neck ipsilaterally and rotates head contralaterally

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30
Q

a clinical condition resulting from shortening of the SCM (congenital) or spasmodic contraction of the SCM

A

torticollis (wryneck)

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31
Q

torticollis irritates the nerve, can happen during ___, can be ___ and you can try to put in an ___

A

delivery
permanent
implant

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32
Q

anterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

SCM

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33
Q

posterior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

trapezius

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34
Q

inferior boundary of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

middle third of the clavicle

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35
Q

____ belly of the ___ muscle divides the posterior triangle into 2 smaller triangles

A

inferior
omohyoid
occipital
supraclavicular

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36
Q

boundaries of the occipital triangle

A

SCM
trapezius
inferior belly of omohyoid

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37
Q

boundaries of the supraclavicular triangle

A

SCM
inferior belly of omohyoid
middle third of clavicle

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38
Q

4 arteries of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

subclavian
superficial (transverse) cervical
suprascapular
occipital

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39
Q

2 veins of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

external jugular and its tribitaries

subclavian

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40
Q

3 nerves of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

brachial plexus
spinal accessory
branches of the cervical plexus

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41
Q

suprascapular artery is the blood supply to what 2 muscle?

A

infraspinatus

supraspinatus

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42
Q

what are the 2 arteries that branch off the thyrocervical artery?

A

transverse cervical

suprascapular

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43
Q

___ ___ nerve crosses over the posterior triangle to innervate the SCM and trapezius

A

spinal accessory

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44
Q

occipital artery is a branch of the ___ ___ artery

A

external carotid

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45
Q

internal carotid artery is more __ than external carotid artery

A

posterior

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46
Q

anterior scalenes syndrome

A

compresses brachial plexus and subclavian vein

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47
Q

anterior scalenes causes ____ , ___ BP, ___ pulse

A

numbness
decreased
weak

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48
Q

nerve roots of brachial plexus come out between ___ ___ and ____ ____

A

anterior scalene

middle scalene

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49
Q

floor of the posterior triangle of the neck is made up of 6 things

A 
prevertebral fascia
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
middle scalene
posterior scalene
anterior scalene, occasionally
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50
Q

origin of the anterior scalene

A

anterior tubercles of TPs of C3-C6

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51
Q

insertion of the anterior scalene

A

first rib

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52
Q

nerve supply of the anterior scalene

A

ventral rami of C4-C6

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53
Q

action of the anterior scalene

A

bilaterally, elevate 1st rib
unilaterally, laterally flex and rotate neck
accessory muscle of respiration

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54
Q

3 things lie anterior to the anterior scalene

A

subclavian vein
transverse cervical and suprascapular a
phrenic nerve

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55
Q

2 things lie posterior to the anterior scalene

A

subclavian artery

brachial plexus

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56
Q

2 things lie medial to the anterior scalene

A

vertebral a and v

thyrocervical trunk

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57
Q

1 thing lies lateral to the anterior scalene

A

roots of the brachial plexus

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58
Q

___ vein and ____ ____ vein to make the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian

external jugular

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59
Q

origin of the middle scalene

A

post tubercles of TPs of C2-C7

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60
Q

insertion of the middle scalene

A

upper surface of first rib behind groove for subclavian artery

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61
Q

nerve supply of middle scalene

A

ventral rami of C3-C8

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62
Q

action of middle scalene

A

bilaterally - elevates 1st rib

unilaterally - laterally flex neck

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63
Q

origin of the posterior scalene

A

posterior tubercles of TPs of C4-C6 or C5-C7

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64
Q

insertion of the posterior scalene

A

outer surface of second rib

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65
Q

nerve supply of the posterior scalene

A

ventral rami of C6-C8

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66
Q

action of posterior scalene

A

bilaterally - elevates second rib

unilaterally - laterally flexes neck

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67
Q

brachial plexus is formed from ___ rami of __-___

A

ventral

C5-T1

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68
Q

roots of the brachial plexus enter the posterior triangle of the neck between the __ __ and ___ ___ muscles

A

anterior scalene

middle scalene

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69
Q

brachial plexus is covered by a fascial sheath derived from the deep cervical fascia called the ___ ___

A

axillary sheath

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70
Q

upper trunk of the brachial plexus formed by what roots?

A

C5-C6

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71
Q

middle trunk of the brachial plexus formed by what root?

A

C7

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72
Q

lower trunk of the brachial plexus formed by what roots?

A

C8-T1

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73
Q

divisions are formed by each trunk dividing into ___ and ___ branches

A

anterior

posterior

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74
Q

divisions are formed in the ____ triangle

A

supraclavicular

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75
Q

all 3 posterior divisions from each trunk join to form the ____ cord

A

posterior

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76
Q

erb duchenne’s palsy

A

upper trunk is damaged
delivery of a baby (traction)
stretch neck

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77
Q

signs of erb duchenne’s palsy

A

cannot abduct and ER
waiters tip position - IR and adduction
trouble with flexion

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78
Q

Klumpky’s palsy

A

damage to lower trunk
breached delivery (traction)
fall from revine and grab tree to stop self

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79
Q

signs of Klumpky’s palsy

A

claw hand deformity

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80
Q

cervical plexus is formed from the ___ rami of __ - __

A

ventral

C1-C4

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81
Q

cervical plexus is related to the ___ ___ vein within the ___ sheath

A

internal jugular

carotid

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82
Q

4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital
great auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular

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83
Q

motor branches of the cervical plexus go 5 places

A 
prevertebral muscles
SCM
levator scapulae
trapezius
infrahyoid muscles through the ansa cervicalis
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84
Q

ansa cervicalis comes from what nerve roots?

A

C1-C3

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85
Q

infrahyoid muscles are supplied by the___ ___, except the ____

A

ansa cervicalis

thyrohoid

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86
Q

ansa cervicalis lies ____ and ___ to internal jugular vein

A

anterior

inferior

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87
Q

5 infrahyoid muscles

A 
geniohyoid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
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88
Q

phrenic nerve is the only motor nerve supply to the ___

A

diaphragm

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89
Q

phrenic nerve is considered to be a branch of the ___ plexus

A

cervical

90
Q

ansa cervicalis is a nerve ___ formed by 2 roots

A

loop
superior
inferior

91
Q

superior root of ansa cervicalis is a branch of ___ that joins the ___ nerve and then separates from it to form the superior root

A

C1

hypoglossal

92
Q

inferior root of ansa cervicalis is made up of the ___ ___ nerve with carries ___ and __ fibers

A

descending cervical

C2-C3

93
Q

anterior boundary of the anterior triangle

A

midline of the neck

94
Q

posterior boundary of the anterior triangle

A

anterior border of SCM

95
Q

superior boundary of the anterior triangle

A

lower margin of mandible

96
Q

anterior triangle can be subdivided into smaller triangles by __ and __ belies of ___ muscle and __ belly of ___ muscle

A

anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
superior belly of omohyoid

97
Q

medial boundary of the submental triangle

A

midline of the neck

98
Q

lateral boundary of the submental triangle

A

anterior belly of digastric muscle

99
Q

inferior boundary of the submental triangle

A

body of hyoid bone

100
Q

contents of the submental triangle

A

lymph nodes

beginning of anterior jugular v

101
Q

medial boundary of the digastric/submandibular triangle

A

anterior belly of digastric

102
Q

lateral boundary of the digastric triangle

A

posterior belly of digastric

103
Q

superior boundary of the digastric triangle

A

lower border of mandible

104
Q

11 contents of the digastric triangle

A 
submandibular gland
facial a and v
lymph nodes
hypoglossal n
mylohyoid nerve
carotid a
IJV
vagus
stylohyoid
glossopharyngeal n
lower part of parotid gland
105
Q

medial boundary of the carotid triangle

A

superior belly of omohyoid

106
Q

lateral boundary of the carotid triangle

A

anterior border of SCM

107
Q

superior boundary of the carotid triangle

A

posterior belly of digastric

108
Q

11 contents of the digastric triangle

A 
CCA
ECA
ICA
branches of ECA
IJV and tributaries
internal laryngeal nerve
external laryngeal nerve
IX, X, XII cranial nerves
deep cervical lymph nodes
109
Q

medial boundary of the muscular triangle

A

midline of the neck

110
Q

inferior boundary of muscular triangle

A

anterior border of SCM

111
Q

superior boundary of muscular triangle

A

superior belly of omohyoid

112
Q

7 contents of muscular triangle

A 
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyroid gland
larynx
trachea
esophagus
recurrent laryngeal nerve
113
Q

digastric muscle has ant and post bellies connected by an ___ tendon

A

intermediate

114
Q

origin of the digastric muscle

A

post belly from medial surface of mastoid process

115
Q

insertion of the digastric muscle

A

ant belly into the digastric fossa of the mandible

116
Q

nerve supply of the digastric muscle
post -
ant -

A

post belly - facial

ant belly - n to mylohyoid

117
Q

action of the digastric muscle

A

depresses the mandible or elevates the hyoid bone

118
Q

origin of the stylohyoid

A

styloid processof temporal bone

119
Q

insertion of the stylohyoid

A

muscle passes downward and forward along the upper border of the post belly of digastric muscle and inserts into the hyoid bone at the jxn of the body and greater cornu. it is pierced near its insertion by the intermediate tendon of digastric muscle

120
Q

nerve supply to the stylohyoid

A

facial

121
Q

action of the stylohyoid

A

elevates the hyoid bone

122
Q

origin of the mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid line of the mandible

123
Q

insertion of the mylohyoid muscle

A

post fibers - body of the hyoid

ant fibers - fibrous raphe, extends from the symphysis menti to the body of the hyoid

124
Q

nerve supply of the mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid nerve

125
Q

mylohyoid is a branch of the ___ ___

A

inferior alveolar

126
Q

inferior alveolar is a branch of the ___ nerve

A

mandibular

127
Q

action of the mylohyoid

A

elevates the hyoid bone when the mandible is fixed

depresses the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed

128
Q

origin of the geniohyoid

A

inferior mental spine of the mandible

129
Q

insertion of the geniohyoid

A

body of the hyoid bone

130
Q

nerve supply of the geniohyoid

A

branch from the ant ramus of C1 carried along the hypoglossal nerve

131
Q

action of the geniohyoid

A

elevates and pulls forward the hyoid bone when the mandible is fixed and depresses the mandible when the hyoid bone is fixed

132
Q

4 suprahyoid muscles

A

digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

133
Q

origin of the omohyoid

A

through inf belly from the upper margin of the scapula and suprascapular ligament

134
Q

insertion of the omohyoid muscle

A

sup belly into the inferior border of the body of hyoid bone
intermediate tendon is held in position at an angle through a loop of deep fascia that slings the tendon to the clavicle and first rib

135
Q

nerve supply of the omohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

136
Q

action of the onohyoid

A

depresses the hyoid bone

137
Q

origin of the sternohyoid

A

post surface of manubrium sterni and adjoining medial portion of the clavicle

138
Q

insertion of the sternohyoid

A

lower border of body of the hyoid bone

139
Q

nerve supply to the sternohyoid

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

140
Q

action of the sternohyoid

A

depresses the hyoid bone

141
Q

origin of the sternothyroid

A

post surface of manubrium streni and adjoining portion of the clavicle

142
Q

insertion of the sternothyroid

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

143
Q

nerve supply of the sternothyroid

A

ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

144
Q

action of the sternothyroid

A

depresses the larynx

145
Q

origin of the thyrohyoid

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

146
Q

insertion of the thyrohyoid

A

lower border of body of hyoid bone

147
Q

nerve supply of the thyrohyoid

A

C1 nerve through hypoglossal nerve

148
Q

action of the thyrohyoid

A

depresses the hyoid bone or elevates the larynx

149
Q

4 infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

150
Q

R common carotid artery is a branch of the ___ artery

A

brachiocephalic

151
Q

L common carotid artery is a branch of the ____ ___

A

aortic arch

152
Q

the CCA divides into the ___ ____ and ___ ____

A

ECA

ICA

153
Q

CCA splits at the level of the ___ border of the ___ cartilage

A

superior

thyroid

154
Q

ECA and ICA ascend within a fascial sheath called the ___ sheath

A

carotid

155
Q

found within the carotid sheath are the ___ and ____ ____

A

IJV

vagus nerve

156
Q

at the beginning of the ICA is a localized dilation called the __ ___

A

carotid sinus

157
Q

the tunica adventitia of the carotid sinus contains numerous nerve endings derived from the ___ nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

158
Q

the carotid sinus contains ____

A

baroreceptors

159
Q

baroreceptors are sensory receptors that monitor changes in ___ ___

A

blood pressure

160
Q

lying post to the point of bifurcation of the CCA is a small reddish brown structure called the ___ ___

A

carotid body

161
Q

the carotid body is a ____

A

chemoreceptor

162
Q

carotid body is innervated by the ___ nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

163
Q

chemoreceptors monitor ___ and ___ concentration

A

CO2

pH

164
Q

baroreceptors are used to treat ____

A

tachycardia

165
Q

the ICA has ___ ___ in the neck

A

no branches

166
Q

ICA enters the skull through the ___ ___ in the petrous portion of the temporal bone

A

carotid canal

167
Q

the carotid canal is located on the ___ part of the ____ bone

A

petrous

temporal

168
Q

the ICA is the main arterial supply for the ___ and structures of the ___ cavity

A

brain

orbital

169
Q

ECA ascends in the neck and ends within the substance of the __ gland dividing into 2 terminal branches

A

parotid
superficial temporal
maxillary

170
Q

8 branches of the ECA

A 
superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
post auricular
superficial temporal
maxillary
171
Q

1st branch of the EVA

A

superior thyroid

172
Q

2nd branch of the ECA

A

lingual

173
Q

lingual arises at the level of the ___ of the __ ___ of hyoid bone

A

tip

greater horn

174
Q

___ artery is medial to angle of the mandible and hooks around

A

facial

175
Q

___ artery arises from post of ECA artery and the level of the mandible

A

occipital

176
Q

____ ___ artery behind the ext auditory meatus

A

post auricular

177
Q

2nd terminal branch of the ECA

A

maxillary

178
Q

1st terminal branch of the ECA

A

superficial temporal

179
Q

___ ___ a infront of external auditory meatus

A

superficial temporal

180
Q

___ a runs ant/med to neck of mandible

A

maxiallary

181
Q

superficial temporal has the ___ __ branch that comes off at the zygomatic arch

A

transverse facial

182
Q

where does the superior thyroid artery end?

A

upper pole of the thyroid

183
Q

what two branches does the superior thyroid give off?

A

branch to the SCM

superior laryngeal

184
Q

____ ___ artery arises from the EVA between it and the ICA

A

ascending pharyngeal

185
Q

_____ artery arises from the posterior of the ECA and passes upward and backward to supply the back of the scalp

A

occipital

186
Q

___ ____ artery arises from the post of ECA and passes upward and backward at the sup border of post belly of digastric to supply the back of the scalp and the auricle of the ear

A

post auricle of the ear

187
Q

superficial temporal artery ascends in front of the auricle accompanied by the ___ nerve and gives off 3 branches

A

auriculotemporal
transverse facial
frontal
temporal

188
Q

____ artery courses ant/med to the neck of the mandible entering the infratemporal fossa

A

maxillary

189
Q

R subclavian a arises from the ___ artery, post to the R ____ joint

A

brachiocephalic

SC

190
Q

L subclavian a arises from the ___ ___ entering the root of the neck post to the left ___ joint

A

aortic arch

SC

191
Q

both subclavian aa arch superiorly, posteriorly, and laterally passing posterior to the ___ ___ muscle

A

ant scalene

192
Q

ant scalene divides the subclavian a into ___ parts

A

3

193
Q

first part of the subclavian a gives off 3 branches

A

vertebral a
thyrocervical a
internal thoracic a

194
Q

most medial branch of the first part of the subclavian a

A

vertebral a

195
Q

thyrocervical a gives off 3 main branches

A

inferior thyroid
transverse cervical
suprascapular

196
Q

inferior thyroid branches ___ from the 2nd part of the subclavian a and supplies the __ muscle

A

thyrohyoid

197
Q

what artery sometimes comes off the thyrocervical artery?

A

ascending cervical

198
Q

___ ___ artery arises from inferior surface of the subclavian artery

A

internal thoracic

199
Q

internal thoracic artery gives off 4 arteries

A

pericardiacophrenic
anterior intercostals
musculophrenic
superior epigastric

200
Q

which part of the subclavian is directly behind the anterior scalene?

A

2nd part

201
Q

2nd part of the subclavian a gives off 1 branch

A

costocervical trunk

202
Q

costocervical trunk has 2 branches

A

deep cervical

superior intercostal artery

203
Q

third part of the subclavian usually has ___ ___ but can sometimes give off the dorsal scapular or subscapular

A

no branches

204
Q

3rd part of the subclavian artery is directly ___ to the ant scalenes

A

lateral

205
Q

dorsal scapular a is usually a branch of the ___ ___

A

transverse cervical

206
Q

____ vein is direct continuation of the axillary vein

A

subclavian

207
Q

subclavian vein starts at ….

passing ant to ___ ___

A

lateral border of the 1st rib

ant scalene

208
Q

subclavian v ends where it unites with the ___ to form the ____ vein

A

IJV

brachiocephalic

209
Q

1 named tributary of the subclavian vein

A

EJV

210
Q

___ ___ is at the jxn of the IJV and subclavian

A

thoracic duct

211
Q

left brachiocephalic v is longer than the right because…

A

SVC is located to the R of the vertebral column

212
Q

IJV recieves blood from the ___, ___ and ___

A

brain
face
neck

213
Q

IJV begins at the ___ ___ in the skull as a direct continuation of the __ ___

A

jugular foramen

sigmoid sinus

214
Q

IJV descends in the neck within the ___ ___ and ends by uniting with the ___ vein to form the ___ vein

A

carotid sheath
subclavian
brachiocephalic

215
Q

7 tributaries of the IJV

A 
inf petrosal sinus
common facial
pharyngeal
lingual
superior thyroid
middle thyroid
occipital (sometimes)
216
Q

lymph of the head and neck ultimately join the R and L ___ lymph trunks

A

jugular

217
Q

jugular lymph trunks –> R ___ duct and ___ ___

A

lymphatic

thoracic duct

218
Q

jugular lymph trunks can sometimes drain into the corresponding _____ vein

A

brachiocephalic

219
Q

which lymph nodes are the 1st to inflame when there is an infection in the tonsils

A

tonsillar

220
Q

which lymph nodes are over the SCM

A

superficial cervical

221
Q

which lymph are the first to be affected when there is an infection/tumor at the apex of the lung?

A

supraclavicular/sentinal nodes

T2 - Dani's GA2 (5 decks)

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