G4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a prototroph

A

wildtype organism can grow on minimal medium

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2
Q

what is an auxotroph

A

biochemical mutant cant be grown on minimal medium

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3
Q

What is filtration enrichment

A

used on filamentous fungi etc
grow on minmal medium normal spores grow sending out mycelial networks so prototrophs are held b filter however autotrophs pass through and can be grown

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4
Q

what is pleitropic

A

when behaviours show multiple characteristics

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5
Q

what is killing enrichment

A

cells grown on lqd medium with antibiotic/antifungal which kills growing organism prototrophs grow faster than non growin auxotroph, dead organisms centrifuged to wash antibiotics then plated on solid medium

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6
Q

How do you obtain specific types of auxotrophs

A

minimal medium so all prototrophs grow quickly then filtered by killing enrichment, surviving organisms plated on minimal medium and argigine, so only remaining prototroph and arg- auxtrophs will grow, but no other auxotroph, isolate and test each individual growing colony on minimal medium and arginine

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7
Q

how can mutants be used to determine biochemical pathways

A

test each mutant for growth on a minimal medium plus each in turn of a range of possible precursors of e.g. tryptophan.
compound excreted bby each mutant is the one immediately before the block thus can be determined where a mutant is blocked from waht it secretes.

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8
Q

What is complementation?

A

when two strains of an organism with different homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same mutant phenotype produce offspring with the wild-type phenotype when mated or crossed.
Complementation occurs if mutations are in different genes.
each strain’s genome supplies the wild-type allele to “complement” the mutated allele of the other strain’s genome.

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9
Q

what is the cis/trans test for functional allelism?

A

most specific test for allelism - tests whether two recessive mutations are in the same genetic unit of function, the cistron. = complementation test

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10
Q

how is complementation carried out

A

by mating haploid a and alpha cells.

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11
Q

what phenotype do two non alelleic mutants give?

A

a wild type phenotype in trans because in both one has a wild type copy of each gene

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12
Q

what phenotype do two alllelic mutants give

A

mutant phenotype in trans because both copies of the gene are defective

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13
Q

Where can partial complementtion be seen

A

when dimeric or multimeric enxymes have 2 pps with deffects in different regions but can show partial through protein protein interaction.

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14
Q

what is tumour suppressor p53

A

guardian of genome
dna damaging agents activate and increase p53 levels, over expression of p53 induces arrest at g1 and g2/m and apoptosis - found on chromosome 17

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15
Q

how does p53 promote breast cancer suppression

A

repressed SHP-1 expression and induces trkA phosphorylation

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