G Tourism Flashcards
Explain why extreme environments are attractive to tourists. (4)
The high mountains provide spectacular scenery, which is not found in other parts of the world.
People can carry out dangerous sports like mountaineering and skiing off piste or hang gliding.
The ecosystem of these areas is unique and people will see wild animals in their unspoilt habitat.
Describe how a named area with an extreme environment is coping with an increasing number of tourists. (8)/Use a case study to discuss how well an extreme environment is coping with the development of a tourist industry. (8)
IAATO (International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators) regulate activity. Cruise ships to Antarctica are kept small, with only 500 people on board, reduce the number of tourists in Antarctica to sustainable limits and it reduces the impacts of oil spills, as the ships are smaller, so spill less oil. They are largely educational in nature and so only attract real enthusiasts. Tourists are briefed on the requirements of the Antarctic Treaty, and given instructions on health and safety, behaviour when ashore and rules regarding wildlife observation - warned of the dangers to wildlife of getting to close to wildlife, like ‘stay more than 5m away from the penguins at all times’, if they like the animals, they are likely to heed the warnings. They can only land at certain place and there must not be more than 20 people at one spot at a time and each must have qualified guide. All tour operators in the Antarctic must be officially registered. Visitors are banned from Sites of Special Scientific Interest, in order to conserve precious wildlife and landscapes. Tourists and Scientists must also gain a permit for any activity they want to partake in, on Antarctica. The Antarctic Act of 1994 is a UK act which supports the Antarctic Treaty of 1961 and makes environmental damage in Antarctica by any British citizen punishable by law. Expensive, 7day £25 000.
Describe one feature of mass tourism (3)
Mass tourism is organised tourism (1) for large numbers (1) of people going on holiday to the same place (1).
Explain how ecotourism can contribute to sustainable development. (4)
The development of ecotourism allows the local people to make use of their traditional skills to build accommodation so that they are earning money.
Sympathetic development of the infrastructure such as roads is useful to the local community as well as the tourists.
Describe one or more strategies that Blackpool has used to maintain a successful tourism industry. (8)
Rejuvenation. St John’s Square is an important public space in the centre of Blackpool which has been pedestrianized and plants, paving and lighting has been added, enhance the appearance and atmosphere of the area. A Wave sculpture built in the square.
Wider range of attractions, Houndshill Shopping Centre redeveloped to provide a wider variety of shops, not dependent on the weather.
Redeveloped the beach by replacing broken sea defences ‘Spanish steps’ that lead down to the sea which will also protect the coastline, easier for public to access seafront. The beaches have been cleared and beach facilities improved.
The Bond Hotel was refurbished to attract wealthier tourists and business people as part of the conference trade.
Blackpool has smartened up the parts of the town frequented by tourists, by pulling down old building and landscaping the area.
Conference facilities have been extended in order to prolong the season during which visitors come to the town, this will bring more trade into the resort because people would come outside of the holiday season.
Sand extraction has been reduced further up the coast which will reduce the rate of erosion of the beaches
Give two reasons why Blackpool may become less popular over time. (4)
competition from foreign resorts.
Lack of up-to-date facilities.
Poor weather.
more expensive
Use Figure 14 to suggest why many tourists visit the coast of Kenya. (2)
Safe shallow lagoon ideal for swimming/sailing. To view sharks in the Indian Ocean. To sunbathe on the sandy beach.
Explain how mass tourism may damage the environment of areas such as the coast of Kenya (6)
With large numbers of visitors the local people will want to earn money by providing opportunities for the visitors to visit the coral reef. This may lead to damaging of the reef due to the anchors rubbing away at the live coral.
Outline the positive effects of mass tourism on the environment of a tropical area. (2)
Money to reinvest in environmental conservation
There will be a better infrastructure including the provision of a more efficient sewage system which will cut down on water pollution and make the area healthier.
What is ‘stewardship’? (1)
Limiting the use of a finite resource so that some is left for future generations.
Looking after the environment
Describe how an ecotourism development can benefit
future generations. (4)/Use a case study to explain how ecotourism has contributed to sustainable
development. (8)
Strict rules small ships, onshore at specific locations in limited nos - only 1% of the national park are land sites, so the rest is protected. Expensive so less people go, impacts smaller - £800 for 8 day without flights. Galapagos Conservation Trust £25 each person for conservation work. Tour boats own by locals 10-16 people each - limited transport available which reduces burning of fossil fuels. Most accommodation is eco-friendly e.g. Ecolodge built in 2011 from locally sourced materials and are constructed by locals. Ecolodge purchases most foods from local farms, reducing its carbon footprint. Mostly nature-based activities (giant tortoises), rather than recreational activities that can be damaging. Visitors given advice on how not to cause damage to fragile ecosystem. Sites overused, oil from boats pollute area, islands’ water supply under pressure.
Local businesses benefitted economically, small guest houses, tour guides, boats - helps them develop sustainably because the money goes straight into the local economy and there is no leakage to foreign tour companies. It also means they can spend profits on things like education and health clinics to improve their prospects for the future and their quality of life. Local fisherman saw a 5% increase in their income due to hotels buying more of their fish. Jewellery shops, locally made souvenirs, since like to interact with locals.
Employed, enough income to make a difference – motorboats instead of canoes. Extra money in local economy spent on healthcare and education – higher literacy level and life expectancy. Less migration to cities, balance of ages. Tips direct to locals.
Outline why some cities attract many tourists (2)
Shopping, Entertainment (theatres etc). Historical buildings. Sporting venues.
Give two features of the Development stage of the model. (2)
Investment takes place in tourism facilities.
Tourism becomes big business.
New hotels and different forms of accommodation are built or become available.
Employment in tourism increases but this may impact on other traditional areas of employment that may start to suffer a labour shortage.
Increased tourists visiting, investment in infrastructure.
For a tourist area in the UK you have studied, identify the stage reached in the tourist area or resort life cycle model. Give reason(s) for your answer. (4)
Rejuvenation. Blackpool has smartened up the parts of the town frequented by tourists, by pulling down old building and landscaping the area. Beaches have been cleared and beach facilities improved. New investment in
the Blackpool Illuminations and new attractions built like the ‘Big One’ roller coaster. Conference facilities have been extended in order to prolong the season during which visitors come to the town.
Use a case study to explain why an area in the tropics attracts a large number of tourists. (8)
Ochio Rios luxury hotel, employment. Caves at Cockpit County, water sports in Montego Bay, historic plantation houses at Port Maria and National Park in the Blue Mountains. In 2002, 865 cruise ship arrivals. No shortage of facilities, in 2002, there were 14,388 rooms available Golf. Many beaches and bathing areas, all around the coast. Wildlife sanctuaries. Coral reefs surrounding Jamaica encourage snorkelling, scuba diving and glass-bottom boating.
