G. Stages Of Disease Progression Flashcards by Matthew Kerr | Brainscape

Q

Step 2 in the stages of disease progression

A

Attaching to the host

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Q

Step 1 in the stages of disease progression

A

Getting in

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Q

Step 3 in the stages of disease progression

A

Surviving host defenses

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Q

Step 4 in the stages of disease progression

A

Cause disease

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Q

4 Portals of entry

A

Skin

Oral or G.I.

Respiratory tract

Urogenital tract

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Q

Portals of entry:

Skin

A

Puncture wound

Penetrate skin

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Q

Portals of entry:

Respiratory tract

A

Mouth

Nose

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Q

Infectious dose

A

Minimum # to cause infection

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Q

What’s 3 things do pathogens have that help them stick to host

A

Fimbriae

Slime

Capsule

Viral spikes

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Q

Fimbriae

A

Short, bristle

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Q

Slime

A

Loose, thinner, easily washed off

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Q

Capsule

A

Tightly bound, thicker

Found on ‘S’ strand of step pneumoniae

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Q

What two things are glycocalyx

A

Slime

Capsule

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Q

Viral spikes

A

Spikes on a virus

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Q

The 4 antiphagocytic factors

A

Leucocidins

Capsules

Coagulase

Hiding in the host - isn’t acellular parasites

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Q

antiphagocytic factors:

Leucocidins

A

Kill W.B.C

Pyogenic

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Q

Pyogenic

A

Pus formers

Ex. Staph and strep

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Q

antiphagocytic factors:

Capsules

A

Help hide from W.B.C

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Q

antiphagocytic factors:

Coagulase

A

Cloaks bacteria

Ex. Staph a

Q

antiphagocytic factors:

Infra cellular parasites

A

Hide in the host cell

Q

Causing disease

A

Causing tissue damage and spreading

Q

What are the five tissue digesting enzymes

A

Mucinase

Keritinase

Collagenase

Hyaluronidase

Fibrinolysin

Q

Collagenase

A

Clostridium perfringes (obligate anaerobe)

Ex. Gas gangrene

Q

Fibrinolysin

A

Staph, strep

Q

Hyaluronidase

A

Digest hyaluronic acid

Ex. Staph, strep, clostridium

Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Cell glue

Q

Bacterial toxins

A

Cellular poisons

Do the most damage

Q

Toxiginicity

A

Can produce poisons

Q

4 bacteria that produce endotoxins

Gram + or -

A

Escherichia (fecal)

Salmonella (fecal)

Shigella (fecal)

Neiserria (menig)

All gram -

Q

What are the 5 bacterial toxins

A

Neurotoxins

Enterotoxins

Hemotoxins

Nephrotoxins

Respiratory toxins

Q

Enterotoxins

A

Act on intestines

Q

Nephrotoxins

A

Act on kidneys

Q

Neurotoxins

A

Act on nervous system

Q

Hemotoxins

A

Act on RBC, and hemoglobin

Have alpha toxin

Q

Characteristics of endotoxins:

Toxicity

Amount req to do harm

Heat stable

Symptoms

A

Low

High

High

General systemic symptoms - “fever” pyrogenic

Q

Characteristics of exotoxins:

Toxicity

Amount req to do harm

Heat stable

Symptoms

A

High

Low

Low

Clostridium tetani - tetanus
Clostridium botulinum - botulism

Q

endotoxins are released when?

A

Only released when the cell dies

Q

Exotoxins are released

A

Secreted when the cell is alive

Q

Lipopolysaccharides on a gram - cell

A

Are endotoxins

Cell doesn’t secrete

Q

Exotoxins:

Clostridium tetani

What does it cause

Where does it work

How deadly

A

Tetanus - spastic paralysis

Works @ neuromuscular junction

Lockjaw

30% die if untreated

DPT vaccine (T - for tetanus)

Q

Exotoxins:

Clostridium botulinum

What does it cause?

Where does it work?

Where is it found?

How deadly?

A

Botulism - flaccid paralysis - floppy baby

Works at neuromuscular junction

Found in honey or incorrect processed foods

100% fatal if not treated

Q

What two bacteria are spore formers

A

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium botulinum

Q

Exotoxin:

Bordetella pertussus

What does it cause

Where does it work

A

Whooping cough

Deactivates respiratory cilia (deactivates mucociling blanket)

Q

Exotoxins:

Vibrio cholerae

What does it cause

What does it do

A

Cholera

Extreme salt and water loss (diarrhea)

Q

Tetani is

How toxic

How invasive

A

High toxicity

Low invasiveness

Q

Strepto pneumoniae is

How toxic

How invasive

A

Low toxicity

High invasiveness (has capsule)