G. Stages Of Disease Progression Flashcards
Step 2 in the stages of disease progression
Attaching to the host
Step 1 in the stages of disease progression
Getting in
Step 3 in the stages of disease progression
Surviving host defenses
Step 4 in the stages of disease progression
Cause disease
4 Portals of entry
Skin
Oral or G.I.
Respiratory tract
Urogenital tract
Portals of entry:
Skin
Puncture wound
Penetrate skin
Portals of entry:
Respiratory tract
Mouth
Nose
Infectious dose
Minimum # to cause infection
What’s 3 things do pathogens have that help them stick to host
Fimbriae
Slime
Capsule
Viral spikes
Fimbriae
Short, bristle
Slime
Loose, thinner, easily washed off
Capsule
Tightly bound, thicker
Found on ‘S’ strand of step pneumoniae
What two things are glycocalyx
Slime
Capsule
Viral spikes
Spikes on a virus
The 4 antiphagocytic factors
Leucocidins
Capsules
Coagulase
Hiding in the host - isn’t acellular parasites
antiphagocytic factors:
Leucocidins
Kill W.B.C
Pyogenic
Pyogenic
Pus formers
Ex. Staph and strep
antiphagocytic factors:
Capsules
Help hide from W.B.C
antiphagocytic factors:
Coagulase
Cloaks bacteria
Ex. Staph a
antiphagocytic factors:
Infra cellular parasites
Hide in the host cell
Causing disease
Causing tissue damage and spreading
What are the five tissue digesting enzymes
Mucinase
Keritinase
Collagenase
Hyaluronidase
Fibrinolysin
Collagenase
Clostridium perfringes (obligate anaerobe)
Ex. Gas gangrene
Fibrinolysin
Staph, strep
Hyaluronidase
Digest hyaluronic acid
Ex. Staph, strep, clostridium
Hyaluronic acid
Cell glue
Bacterial toxins
Cellular poisons
Do the most damage
Toxiginicity
Can produce poisons
4 bacteria that produce endotoxins
Gram + or -
Escherichia (fecal)
Salmonella (fecal)
Shigella (fecal)
Neiserria (menig)
All gram -
What are the 5 bacterial toxins
Neurotoxins
Enterotoxins
Hemotoxins
Nephrotoxins
Respiratory toxins
Enterotoxins
Act on intestines
Nephrotoxins
Act on kidneys
Neurotoxins
Act on nervous system
Hemotoxins
Act on RBC, and hemoglobin
Have alpha toxin
Characteristics of endotoxins:
Toxicity
Amount req to do harm
Heat stable
Symptoms
Low
High
High
General systemic symptoms - “fever” pyrogenic
Characteristics of exotoxins:
Toxicity
Amount req to do harm
Heat stable
Symptoms
High
Low
Low
Clostridium tetani - tetanus
Clostridium botulinum - botulism
endotoxins are released when?
Only released when the cell dies
Exotoxins are released
Secreted when the cell is alive
Lipopolysaccharides on a gram - cell
Are endotoxins
Cell doesn’t secrete
Exotoxins:
Clostridium tetani
What does it cause
Where does it work
How deadly
Tetanus - spastic paralysis
Works @ neuromuscular junction
Lockjaw
30% die if untreated
DPT vaccine (T - for tetanus)
Exotoxins:
Clostridium botulinum
What does it cause?
Where does it work?
Where is it found?
How deadly?
Botulism - flaccid paralysis - floppy baby
Works at neuromuscular junction
Found in honey or incorrect processed foods
100% fatal if not treated
What two bacteria are spore formers
Clostridium tetani
Clostridium botulinum
Exotoxin:
Bordetella pertussus
What does it cause
Where does it work
Whooping cough
Deactivates respiratory cilia (deactivates mucociling blanket)
Exotoxins:
Vibrio cholerae
What does it cause
What does it do
Cholera
Extreme salt and water loss (diarrhea)
Tetani is
How toxic
How invasive
High toxicity
Low invasiveness
Strepto pneumoniae is
How toxic
How invasive
Low toxicity
High invasiveness (has capsule)
