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Psych 290 > G & psych tests > Flashcards

G & psych tests Flashcards

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1
Q

What are responses on a test?

A

A sample of behaviour

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2
Q

What are the two main types of test?

A
  • personality

- mental ability

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3
Q

What are the 3 subcategories of mental ability tests?

A
  • intelligence
  • Aptitude
  • Achievement
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4
Q

What is reliability?

A

The measurement of consistency of a test

  • scores between two administrations of a test, re-test
  • uses correlation coefficient
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5
Q

What is validity?

A

The ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure

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6
Q

What are the 3 main types of validity?

A
  • content validity: representative of domain it’s supposed to cover
  • criterion-related validity: correlation bw scores on test with independent criterion
  • construct validity: degree that a test measures a hypothetical construct
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7
Q

What were Wechsler’s 2 innovative characteristics of his IQ tests?

A
  • scales less dependent on verbal ability (separated into verbal, non-verbal and total
  • applied normal distribution instead of IQ
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8
Q

What is factor analysis?

A

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

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9
Q

What is the factor analysis assumption?

A

That if a number of variables correlate highly with one another then a single factor is influencing all of them

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10
Q

What is the factor analysis conclusion re intelligence?

A

That all cognitive abilities share an important core factor, g.

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11
Q

What is g?

A

General mental ability

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12
Q

How was it suggested that g be divided in order to make it more useful for diagnosing disabilities and children’s learning potential?

A

Fluid intelligence & crystalized intelligence

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13
Q

What is fluid intelligence?

A
  • reasoning ability, memory capacity and speed of info processing
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14
Q

What is crystallized intelligence?

A
  • ability to apply acquired knowledge and skills in problem solving
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15
Q

What are current IQ tests based on?

A

A hierarchical model that subdivides g into 10-15 specific abilities

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16
Q

What is the curios paradox of intelligence?

A

Researchers and theorists prefer g while clinicians and educators prefer SAT/specific abilities tradition

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17
Q

What are deviation IQ scores?

A

Scores that locate subjects within the normal distribution using the standard deviation as unit of measurement
- can be converted into percentile scores

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18
Q

What is the IQ score mean on modern tests and what is the standard deviation?

A

100 is the mean, 15 is the sd

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19
Q

What is the biggest advantage of deviation IQ scores?

A

They can always be translated into exactly the same percentile score regardless of age

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20
Q

Are IQ tests reliable and what is the correlation?

A

Yes, 0.90

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21
Q

What can cause IQ scores to be misleading?

A
  • low motivation
  • high anxiety
  • sample behaviour if not representative
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22
Q

Are IQ test valid?

A

For the kind of intelligence necessary to do academic work but questionable in the broader sense

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23
Q

What is the validity for academic performance?

A

0.4-0.5

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24
Q

What is Sternberg’s view of the of the components of intelligence?

A

3: - verbal
- practical
- social

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25
Q

When to IQ scores stabilize?

A

between ages 7-10 and stable through adulthood

26
Q

Do IQ tests predict vocational success?

A

Correlation between high score and high-status job

- intelligence fosters vocational success but relationship is modest

27
Q

What is correlation bw IQ and job performance?

A
  1. 5

- varies depending on complexity of the job and uncertain is sufficient for job selection

28
Q

What is a better predictor of job performance: mental ability and personality, or intelligence?

A

Intelligence

29
Q

What is the general standard deviation for intellectual disability?

A

-1-2 from the norm

30
Q

What is necessary for intellectual disability aside from lower IQ scores?

A

Deficiencies in mental ability

31
Q

What is the general percentage of intellectually disabled population?

A

1 -3%

32
Q

What percentage of intellectually disabled people have a mild disability?

A

85%, IQ of 51-70

33
Q

What conditions are the origins of disability?

A
  • Down’s syndrome: extra chromosome
  • Fragile x syndrome: FRM1 gene mutation
  • Phenylketonuria: metabolic disorder
  • Hydrocephaly: excess cerebrospinal fluid
34
Q

What is a savant?

A

Someone with lower than average IQ that demonstrates superior abilities

35
Q

What is the difference between moderately and profoundly gifted?

A
  • moderately = 130-150 IQ, good social and health

- profoundly = 180 or more, introverted, isolated and high rates of mental illness

36
Q

What does rare giftedness depend on?

A

The intersection of high intelligence, creativity and motivation

37
Q

What are the hidden gifted?

A

Children who aren’t ID’d as gifted because of underachieving at school and can’t access same opportunities

38
Q

Can heredity of intelligence be determined via family studies?

A

No, because they share environments and therefore too many confounding variables
- Twin studies are best: high correlation

39
Q

What is the heritability ration?

A

Estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance

40
Q

What is the current assumption of IQ heritability?

A

50%

41
Q

What are the limitations of heritability?

A
  • group statistic so only applies to groups
  • may vary between groups
  • no fixed hereditability value for anything, only sample specific
42
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

There has been a steady increase in IQ since the 1930s that must be attributed to environmental factors because gene pool can’t change that fast

43
Q

What is a dominant theory re how heredity and environment interact? (Scarr)

A

Heredity sets limits on intelligence while environment determines where one falls within the limits

44
Q

What is the term for the genetically determined limits of IQ?

A

Reaction range

45
Q

What is the biggest flaw in the argument for heredity re lower ethnic group scores?

A

Between-group disparities in IQ scores can be environmental even if intelligence is highly heritable
- Flynn effect supports argument against heredity

46
Q

What is reflected in lower class IQ differences?

A

Social class differences because ethnic groups are overepresented in lower classes

47
Q

What are the two ways that stereotype vulnerability contributes to academic underachievement?

A
  • it undermines emotional investment in academic work

- standardized test arouse anxiety due to great importance of outcome on perception of the person/group by others

48
Q

What are the mechanisms that deplete executive resources for successful task performance?

A
  • stress interferes with pre-frontal brain processing
  • tendency to inhibit/suppress negative thoughts
  • tendency to actively monitor performance
49
Q

What is the current debate around cultural bias in IQ tests?

A

The degrees to which tests have a cultural slant

50
Q

What is the correlation bw brain size and intelligence?

A

Specific to certain regions in the brain not overall brain size- 0.35
- amount of grey/white matter

51
Q

What is the correlation between IQ and longevity?

A

Higher IQ correlates with lower health risks, good genes, better preparation for complexities, and career success
- affluence could be key linking factor

52
Q

What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory of human intelligence?

A

That intelligence is

  • contextual
  • experiential
  • componential (metcomponents, performance, knowledge acquisition)
53
Q

What is the cognitive perspective on intelligence?

A

Focus should be on how people use their intelligence and underlying information processing strategies

54
Q

What are Gardener’s 8 intelligences?

A
  • logical
  • linguistic
  • musical
  • spatial
  • bodily-kinesthetic
  • interpersonal
  • naturalist
55
Q

What are the 4 essential components of emotional intelligence?

A

1- ppl need to accurately perceive emotion and express their emotions effectively
2- awareness of how their emotions shape their d-m and thinking
3- Understanding and analysis of their emotions, their complexity and contradiction
4- regulation of their own emotions to dampen negative and use positive

56
Q

What area of psychology indicates the greatest connections in bw psych and society?

A

Human intelligence

57
Q

Are creative ideas typically spontaneous?

A

No, they come out of experience and training

58
Q

What is the most common type of thinking?

A

Convergent thinking: narrowing down a list of alternatives to converge on correct answer

59
Q

What type of thinking contributes to creativity?

A

Divergent thinking: expanding on a range of alternatives by generating many possible solutions

60
Q

What is a common fallacy in the heredity vs environment debate re intelligence?

A

The appeal to ignorance- misusing general lack of knowledge

61
Q

What is reification?

A

When a hypothetical abstract concept is given a name and then treated as though it were a concrete tangible object, like intelligance

Psych 290 (4 decks)

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