G-280 Aircraft General Flashcards
When did the G-280 design begin?
“In 2005, Gulfstream and IAI (Israel Aerospace Industries) began designing a follow-on aircraft to the Gulfstream G-200 (formerly known as the IAI Galaxy - or the “Astra Galaxy” - but was rebranded the Gulfstream G-200 when Gulfstream Aerospace purchased Galaxy Aerospace in 2001, it was produced from 1999 thru 2011). The new model, named “G-250”, was launched in 2008 (maiden flight was on December 11, 2009 in Tel Aviv, Israel). In July 2011, the G-250 was renamed “G-280” because in Mandarin language, the number 250 can be translated as “stupid” or “idiotic”. Full certification was on September 4, 2012.”
(Wikipedia)
Civilian products of Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI)
Civilian Aircraft Produced
> IAI Westwind (1965-1987):
* 1121 Jet Commander (1964), 1123 Commodore Jet (1971), 1124 Westwind I (1976), 1124A Westwind II (1980).
Gulfstream G-100 (1985-2016):
* 1125 Astra (1985), 1125 Astra SP (1990), G-100 (Astra SPX) (1996), G-150 (2005.
Gulfstream G-200 (Galaxy) (1997-2011).
Gulfstream G-280 (2011-present).
Arava (medium sized STOL transport aircraft, no longer in production).
IAI Avocet ProJet (Very Light Jet - cancelled in 2005).
G-280 Design
“The aerodynamic design of its wing and empennage, and design of the interior were performed by Gulfstream; detailed design was performed by IAI to Gulfstream’s requirements. It is a Gulfstream designed aircraft under a new type certificate.”
“The fuselage, empennage and landing gear are manufactured by IAI, the wing by Spirit AeroSystems (now Triumph Group), and the aircraft is assembled in Israel. It is then ferried to Dallas, Texas, for interior finishing and painting.”
Its wing is a new design, using the Gulfstream G-550 airfoil, and has a larger area of 495 square feet versus 369 square feet of the G200. This allows it to climb directly to 43,000. Cruise is M 0.80 versus M 0.75 for the G200. At FL410 and Mach 0.82 each engine burns 900 pounds per hour.”
(Wikipedia)
When was the G-280 certified?
“The G280 was provisionally certified in December 2011 by Israel. In July 2012, the U.S. FAA released a report with conditions to ensure no security gaps in the G280’s electronic systems. It received full certification from Israel and the U.S. on September 4, 2012.”
(Wikipedia)
What class of business jet is the G-280? What are the different classes of business jets?
The G-280 is a Super Mid-Size The different classes are: > Very Light Jets. > Light Jets. > Mid-Size Jets. > Super Mid-Size Jets. > Large Jets. > VIP Airliners.
AFM Approval
> Approved by the Civil Aviation Authority of Israel (CAAI) on behalf of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), using the working arrangement between the CAAI and the EASA.
> The AFM is FAA Approved for U.S. registered airplanes in accordance with the provision of CFR section 21.29, and as required by FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A61NM.
(AFM Issue 2, 10 Nov 2016)
Serial Numbers
> Issue 1:
* 2001-2105, 2107-2109, 2111-2113.
(111 total - 2001 to 2113 except 2106 and 2110).
> Issue 2:
* 2106, 2110, 2114-subsequent.
G-280 Range
“After the flight test program, the G280 demonstrated a range of 3,600 NM at Mach 0.80 with four passengers and NBAA IFR reserves in 2011. It can fly from London to New York or Singapore to Dubai.”
(Wikipedia)
(AOM 2A-06-40, 7)
Length, Width, and Height
Length:
66.8 Feet (802 in. or 66 feet, 10 inches)
66.66 Feet
(AOM 2A-06-40, 8)
Width:
63 Feet (756 inches)
61.69 Feet
(AOM 2A-06-40, 8)
Height: 21.29 Feet (255.43 in. or 21 feet, 3 and 7/16 inches) 21 Feet, 4 inches (Wikipedia)
Wing Sweep and Dihedral
Leading Edge Sweep: 30.68 degrees
Dihedral: 2.061 degrees
(PTH page 1-5, rev 2.1)*
- These values are from page 1-5 in the PTH rev 2.1, however, the Operating Manual (2A-06-10, page 1) says this (last paragraph on page 1):
“The aircraft wings are swept back twenty-seven degrees (27) and are cantilevered with a three degree (3) dihedral.”
Also, the AOM (2A-06-40, 8) says: “Wing Sweep Angle (1/4 Chord) 27 degrees”.
Max Number of Occupants
19
> Limited by emergency exit requirements.
An approved seating arrangement must be installed.
Typical cabin configurations are set up to accommodate up to 10 passengers (8-10).
Also, notice that this is the maximum number of OCCUPANTS (not max passengers).
Also, there are 19 cabin windows and there are 19 static discharge wicks.
Minimum Flight Crew is pilot and copilot.
When shall the operator comply with the “Cold Weather Operations” (starting on page IV-87 of the AFM)?
Anytime the airplane has been exposed to temperatures colder than -20 degrees C (-4 degrees F) on the ground for more than 10 hours.
(AFM 1-03-20)
Maximum Temperature on the Ground
ISA +35 degrees C
AFM 1-03-20; and page V-92
Aircraft Danger Area
> 200 feet aft from trailing edge of engine nacelle.
42 feet wide (21 feet left and right of center).
Region is valid only for ground idle operation.
Also, 15 foot radius from nacelle inlets.
(OM 2A-06-20, page 6 - figure 3)
Max Zero Fuel Weight
28,200 Pounds
(AFM 1-03-60)
(OM 2A-06-20, 2)
Max Ramp Weight
39,750 Pounds
(AFM 1-03-60)
(OM 2A-06-20, 2)
Max Takeoff Weight
39,600 Pounds
> Unless restricted by climb performance, brake energy, or tire speed for approved altitudes and ambient temperature or by field length. (Maximum structural weight for takeoff - cannot be exceeded).
(AFM 1-03-60)
(OM 2A-06-20, 2)
Max Landing Weight
32,700 Pounds
> Unless restricted by climb requirements.
(AFM 1-03-60)
(OM 2A-06-40, 7)
Minimum Flight Weight
23,000 pounds
> (AFM 1-03-60)
> MFW (Minimum Flight Weight) is the Minimum authorized flight weight of an aircraft. It may be changed as a function of the relevant center of gravity.
(AFM page VI-4 and page VI-M-4)
Zero Fuel Weight CG
Zero Fuel Weight CG must be within the allowable zero fuel weight CG envelope. The fueled airplane CG will then be within limits for all fuel loads.
(AFM 1-03-70)
Aft CG limit for ground handling during any stage of ground handling operations
50% MAC
AFM 1-03-70
Payload
4,050 Pounds
> Max payload with Full Fuel is 1,000 pounds.
(Wikipedia)
Max Nose Wheel Turning Angle
Left or Right of Center
> Nose Wheel Steering Control — 60 +/-2.5 degrees
Rudder Pedals — 3 degrees
Tow Bar — 100 degrees
(Tow-Bar-Less is 90-95 degrees)
(+/- 80 degrees should not be exceeded, if it is the towing crew warning horn will sound. If tow angle of +/- 93 degrees is reached, the NWS Oversteer CAS caution will appear when power is applied).
(Nose wheel steering unit torque links must be disconnected prior to towing aircraft. Rotation of nose wheels beyond their normal limits - 80 degrees - can cause serious damage to the nose wheel steering unit. With steering unit torque links disconnected, the nose wheels are free to rotate 360 degrees).
(AOM 2A-32-50 and 09-01-20)
Angles for Nose Wheel Steering
> Rudder Pedals: —- 3 degrees.
Tiller: —- 60 +/-2.5 degrees.
(Turn Radius 51.6 feet at 60 degrees and 49.5 at 62.5 degrees).
Should Not Be Exceeded: —- 80 +/-4 degrees.
(Towing, towing crew warning horn will sound).
Towing (Max) “Tow-Bar-Less”: —- 90-95 degrees.
NWS Oversteer Flag and amber “NWS OVERSTEER” CAS message: —- 93 degrees.
Max Tow Bar: —- 100 degrees.
Minimum Radius for a 180 Degree Turn
- 5 feet (with a steering angle of 62.5 degrees nominal).
51. 6 feet (with a steering angle of 60.0 degrees nominal).
Max Runway Slope
+ or - 2% for takeoff or landing
AFM 1-02-10
Max Tailwind Component for Takeoff and Landing
10 knots
AFM 1-02-10
Max Demonstrated Crosswind
For Takeoff and Landing
25 knots
AFM V-13
Minimum Holding Speed in Icing Conditions
185 KIAS
AFM 1-03-40
Max Certified Altitude
and
Minimum Operating Altitude
> Max Operating Altitude = 45,000 feet
Minimum Operating Altitude = -1,400 feet
(AFM 1-03-30)
Maneuvering Speed (Va) Sea Level to 20,000 Feet
215-225 KIAS > Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g. large side slip angles), as they may result in structural failures at any speed, including below Va. > 20,000 to 35,000 feet = 225-264 KIAS > 35,000 to 39,000 feet= 264 KIAS > 39,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maneuvering Speed (Va) 20,000 to 35,000 Feet
225-264 KIAS
> Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g. large side slip angles), as they may result in structural failures at any speed, including below Va.
> Sea Level to 20,000 feet = 215-225 KIAS
> 35,000 to 39,000 feet = 264 KIAS
> 39,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maneuvering Speeds (Va) 35,000 to 39,000 Feet
264 KIAS
> Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g. large side slip angles), as they may result in structural failures at any speed, including below Va.
> Sea Level to 20,000 feet = 215-225 KIAS
> 20,000 to 35,000 feet = 225-264 KIAS
> 39,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maneuvering Speed (Va) 39,000 to 45,000 Feet
0.85 Mi
> Avoid rapid and large alternating control inputs, especially in combination with large changes in pitch, roll, or yaw (e.g. large side slip angles), as they may result in structural failures at any speed, including below Va.
> Sea Level to 20,000 feet = 215-226 KIAS
> 20,000 to 35,000 feet = 225-264 KIAS
> 35,000 to 39,000 feet = 264 KIAS
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maneuvering Speeds (Va)
> Sea Level to 20,000 Feet = 215-225 KIAS
20,000 to 35,000 feet = 225-264 KIAS
35,000 to 39,000 feet = 264 KIAS
39,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Max Flap Extended Speed (Vfe) for:
- 10 Degrees Flaps,
- 20 Degrees Flaps, and
- LAND
10 degrees flaps = 250 KIAS
20 degrees flaps = 220 KIAS
LAND = 180 KIAS
(AFM 1-03-40)
Max Tire Speeds
Main Landing Gear and Nose Landing Gear
> Main Landing Gear = 195 knots
Nose Landing Gear = 182 knots
(AFM 1-03-40)
Max Landing Gear Operation and Gear Extended Speeds (Vlo / Vle)
195 KIAS
> Gear doors opened or closed.
(AFM 1-03-40)
Max Emergency Landing Gear Extension Speed
175 KIAS
> After Landing Gear is down and locked, speed can be increased up to 195 KIAS.
(AFM 1-03-40)
Max Operating Altitude for Extending Landing Gear or Flying With Landing Gear Extended
20,000 feet MSL
AFM 1-03-30
Max Operating Altitude for Extending Flaps or Flying With Flaps Extended
20,000 feet MSL
AFM 1-03-30
Minimum Control Speed Air (Vmca)
98 KIAS (Flaps 10 or 20)
Landing (Vmcl) = 98 KIAS
GROUND (Vmcg) = 95 KIAS
> Minimum Control Speeds in flap 0 configuration (abnormal for takeoff and landing) not established since it is lower than the airspeed at Stick Pusher activation in this configuration and is never a limiting factor for selection of takeoff and landing speeds.
(AFM 1-03-40)
Minimum Control Speed Landing (Vmcl)
98 KIAS (Flaps 10, 20 and LND)
Air (Vmca) = 98 KIAS
Ground (Vmcg) = 95 KIAS
(AFM 1-03-40)
Minimum Control Speed Ground (Vmcg)
95 KIAS (Flaps 10 or 20)
Air (Vmca) = 98 KIAS
Landing (Vmcl) = 98 KIAS
(AFM 1-03-40)
Minimum Control Speeds
Ground (Vmcg) = 95 KIAS (Flaps 10 or 20)
Air (Vmca) = 98 KIAS (Flaps 10 or 20)
Landing (Vmcl) = 98 KIAS (Flaps 10, 20 or LND)
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maximum Operating Speed (Vmo / Mmo)
Sea Level to 10,000 Feet
300 KCAS
10,000 to 20,000 feet = 300-330 KCAS
20,000 to 28,000 feet = 340 KCAS
28,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maximum Operating Speed (Vmo / Mmo)
10,000 to 20,000 Feet
300-330 KCAS
Sea Level to 10,000 feet = 300 KCAS
20,000 to 28,000 feet = 340 KCAS
28,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maximum Operating Speed (Vmo / Mmo)
20,000 to 28,000 Feet
340 KCAS
Sea Level to 10,000 feet = 300 KCAS
10,000 to 20,000 feet = 300-330 KCAS
28,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maximum Operating Speed (Vmo / Mmo)
28,000 to 45,000 Feet
0.85 Mi
Sea Level to 10,000 feet = 300 KCAS
10,000 to 20,000 feet = 300-330 KCAS
20,000 to 28,000 feet = 340 KCAS
(AFM 1-03-40)
Maximum Operating Speeds (Vmo / Mmo)
Sea Level to 10,000 feet = 300 KCAS
10,000 to 20,000 feet = 300-330 KCAS
20,000 to 28,000 feet = 340 KCAS
28,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.85 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Turbulence Penetration Speed (Vra)
Sea Level to 13,000 Feet
230 KIAS
13,000 to 20,000 feet = 250 KIAS
20,000 to 35,000 feet = 270 KIAS
35,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.80 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Turbulence Penetration Speed (Vra)
13,000 to 20,000 Feet
250 KIAS
Sea Level to 13,000 feet = 230 KIAS
20,000 to 35,000 feet = 270 KIAS
35,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.80 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Turbulence Penetration Speed (Vra)
20,000 to 35,000 Feet
270 KIAS
Sea Level to 13,000 feet = 230 KIAS
13,000 to 20,000 feet = 250 KIAS
35,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.80 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Turbulence Penetration Speed (Vra)
35,000 to 45,000 Feet
0.80 Mi
Sea Level to 13,000 feet = 230 KIAS
13,000 to 20,000 feet = 250 KIAS
20,000 to 35,000 feet = 270 KIAS
(AFM 1-03-40)
Turbulence Penetration Speeds (Vra)
Sea Level to 13,000 feet = 230 KIAS
13,000 to 20,000 feet = 250 KIAS
20,000 to 35,000 feet = 270 KIAS
35,000 to 45,000 feet = 0.80 Mi
(AFM 1-03-40)
Yaw Damper Inoperative:
> Maximum Speed
> Maximum Altitude
250 KIAS / 25,000 feet
AFM 1-03-40
Mach Trim Inoperative Speed
340 KIAS / 0.77 Mi
> With Mach Trim functions inoperative, the maximum Operating limit speed is 340 KIAS / 0.77 Mi.
(AFM 1-03-40 and 1-27-11)
Alternate Stabilizer Trim Speed Limitation
Mmo = 0.77 Mi
AFM 1-03-40
Maneuvering Flight Load Factors
> Flaps Up = -1.0 G to 2.6 G for all weights up to maximum takeoff weight.
> Flaps Down = 0 G to 2.0 G for all weights up to maximum takeoff weight.
(AFM 1-03-50)
Maximum Baggage Compartment Loading Weight and Floor Loading Limitation
1980 pounds max loading weight.
120 pounds per square foot max floor loading.
(AFM 1-03-60)
Also, note that there is 154 cubic feet of space (usable volume) in the Baggage Compartment (notes from slide #33 in FSI G-280 Initial Aircraft General PPT, the reference is Gulfstream’s website).
The FSI PTH (page 1-5 in rev. 2.1) says the volume is 120 cubic feet.
Internal Baggage Door Limitations
> Must be closed during taxi, takeoff and landing. (Either MOD aircraft).
> In-Flight access to the baggage compartment above 40,000 feet is prohibited except by flight crewmembers for emergency purposes only. (Pre MOD G25-10066).
> In-Flight, access to the baggage compartment above 44,000 feet is prohibited except by flight crewmembers for emergency purposes only. (Post MOD G25-10066).
(AFM 1-21-20)
Max Tailwind Component for Takeoff and Landing
10 knots
AFM 1-02-10
Max Airport Pressure Altitude for Takeoff and Landing
> AFM Issue 1 Aircraft = 10,000 Feet
> AFM Issue 2 Aircraft = 14,000 Feet
(AFM 1-02-20)
Minimum and Maximum Operating Altitude
-1,400 feet (min), and
45,000 feet (max)
(AFM 1-03-30)
Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS) Limitation
> The terrain awareness display feature shall be selected OFF (TERRAIN INHIBIT Switch - ON) when within 15 NM of landing at an airport when:
1) The airport has no published instrument approach procedures,
2) The longest runway is less than 3,500 feet in length,
3) The airport is not in the database,
4) QFE altimeter setting are used for approach and landing on subsequent takeoff without the availability of geometric altitude.
NOTE: Obstacles that are less than 1,000 ft AGL are not displayed as obstacle symbols on the MAP display. These obstacles are included as part of the terrain display.
(AFM 1-34-42)
QNH Altimeter Setting
Altimeter set to the local Barometric Pressure, altimeter will read you altitude with airplane on the runway surface.
QNE Altimeter Setting
Altimeter set to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) (e.g. 29.92 in. Hg), altimeter will read your Flight Level.
QFE Altimeter Setting
Altimeter set so it reads your height - when airplane is on the runway surface the altimeter will read zero (0) feet.
QNH, QNE and QFE Altimeter Settings
> QNH: Altimeter set to the local Barometric Pressure, altimeter will read your altitude with airplane on the runway surface.
> QNE: Altimeter set to the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) (e.g. 29.92 in. Hg), altimeter will read your Flight Level.
> QFE: Altimeter set so it reads your height - when airplane is on the runway surface the altimeter will read zero (0) feet.
Climbing through what altitude will the Landing Lights automatically extinguish?
18,000 feet
> They will automatically illuminate on descent through 18,000 feet if the crew has left the switches in the ON position.
The PULSE option remains operable above 18,000 feet.
This prevents bulb failure caused by thermal shock at high altitudes.
Extended Overwater Flight
Extended over-water operation means:
For other than helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest shoreline.
(AFM 1-03-10, #5 - “Types of Airplane Operations Permitted”)
Max Fuel Weight
14,620 pounds (2179.1 gallons)
Total usable fuel weight when gravity refueling is: 9,760 pounds.
Gravity refueling only fills the wing and feed tanks and can take a significantly longer time.
(AFM 1-28-10)
Initial Cruise Altitude
FL410
OM 2A-06-40, 7
Cabin Altitude at FL450
7000 feet
OM 2A-06-10
Seat Dependent Tasks Training
Right Seat
The FSB has found the following right seat dependent tasks for the G280:
> Passenger Oxygen System activation (right seat).
Emergency Landing Gear extension (ELG Handle).
(FSB Report, (rev. 4), 5.2.4)