FX: Human Behavior & The Designed Environment_2

Question 1

31

What is territoriality?

Answer 1

Human behavior that attempts to lay claim to space and give a sense of self-identity.

Question 2

32

What is proxemics?

Answer 2

The study of the degrees of spatial separation that people maintain while interacting, and how these distances are related to social, envirnomental, and cultural factors.

Question 3

33

In proxemics, as described by Edward T. Hall, what are the names of the four distances (starting with the closest)?

Answer 3

From closest to farthest, these are:

• intimate
• personal
• social
• public

Question 4

34

What theory did Abraham Maslow propose?

Answer 4

This American psychologist proposed a hierarchy of human needs, ranging from basic needs, such as for food and water, to more advanced needs, such as for self-actualization, order and beauty.

Question 5

35
Which of the table and seating configurations shown here is most appropriate for a committee meeting?
{INSERT IMAGE HERE}

Answer 5

A circular table and seating configuration (option B) tends to foster cooperation, which makes it most appropriate for this type of activity.

Question 6

36

What is a design theory?

Answer 6

This is a mental construct, based on a philosophy or set of beliefs, that is used to direct a design.

Question 7

37

What is Gestalt psychology?

Answer 7

This theory of psychology asserts that people perceive their environment as a whole and add structure to what they see.

Question 8

38

What psychological principle is illustrated by our ability to see two triangles in this diagram? {INSERT IMAGE HERE}

Answer 8

This is an illustration of the principle of closure (or form consistency) in Gestalt psychology.

Question 9

39

In Gestalt psychology, what is grouping?

Answer 9

This is the tenancy to perceive separate elements in a visual field as a single whole.

Question 10

40

In Gestalt psychology, what is perceptual constancy?

Answer 10

This is the tendency to perceive a familiar object or space as essentially the same in spite of changes in position, viewing angle, lighting and so on.

Question 11

41

What are some of the visual cues through which people perceive depth and distance?

Answer 11

People perceive these two spatial factors through:

• linear perspective
• atmospheric perspective
• texture perspective
• interposition
• closeness of objects to the horizon line
• relative size differences

Question 12

42

In design, what is regionalism?

Answer 12

This is a social or cultural influence on a design that reflects a particular geographical area.

Question 13

43

What are the six elements of design?

Answer 13

• Form
• Scale
• Color
• texture
• pattern
• light

Question 14

44

What basic form is the intersection of a wall and a ceiling perceived as?

Answer 14

The intersection of these elements in perceived as a line.

Question 15

45

What types of forms are represented by the niche and vase shown {INSERT IMAGE HERE}

Answer 15

The former is a volumetric form, defined by 5 enclosing planes. It is a void, or negative space, because the perceived volume is not solid and is defines by other objects.
In contrast the latter is a solid volume , or positive space.

Question 16

46

In design, what is scale?

Answer 16

This is the relative size of an object or element in comparison to another element of known size.

Question 17

47

What are the true primary colors of pigment?

Answer 17

These are yellow, magenta, and cyan (not yellow, red, and blue, as is often thought).

Question 18

48

What is hue?

Answer 18

This is the most basic color classification. For example, it is what distinguishes yellow from blue.

Question 19

49

In terms of color, what is intensity or chroma?

Answer 19

This is the degree of purity of a hue when compared to a neutral gray of the same value.

Question 20

50

What are the two names by which this diagram in known? {INSERT IMAGE HERE}

Answer 20

This is the Brewster, or Prang, color system, often simply known as the color wheel.

Question 21

51

What three terms does the Munsell color system use to define colors?

Answer 21

This system defines color by

• hue
• value
• chroma

Question 22

52

What is simultaneous contrast?

Answer 22

This is the phenomenon in which a color seems to change when placed against differently colored backgrounds.

Question 23

53

What is an analogous color scheme?

Answer 23

This is a color scheme using hues that are close to each other on the color wheel.

Question 24

54

When design element can be perceived through the senses of both touch and sight?

Answer 24

The design element that can be perceived through both of these senses is texture.

Question 25

55

What is pattern?

Answer 25

This is the repetition of a decorative motif on a surface.

Question 26

56

What are the three primary colors of light?

Answer 26

These are red, green and blue.

Question 27

57

What are the six principles of design?

Answer 27

• balance
• harmony and unity
• rhythm
• emphasis and focus
• contrast and variety
• proportion

Question 28

58

What is asymmetrical balance?

Answer 28

This is the arrangement of dissimilar elements within a visual field such that the composition appears balanced, even though the elements are not grouped around a common axis.

Question 29

59

What is visual weight?

Answer 29

This is the perception that some objects are heavier than others by nature of their size, shape, complexity, color, texture or location in space.

Question 30

60

What is radial balance?

Answer 30

This is the uniform arrangement of elements about a central point.

Question 31

61

In regard to interior design, what is harmony?

Answer 31

Harmony is a characteristic of a composition in which all he elements of the interior seem to belong together and to reinforce the overall design theme.

Question 32

62

What is gradation, and what design principle is it derived from?

Answer 32

The design principle is a variation or rhythm. It describes cases where the size, color, or value of a design element is slightly modified.

Question 33

63

What design principle is often achieved by placing an element in a prominent position or by using special lighting?

Answer 33

Emphasis and focus in a design can be achieved by these methods.

Question 34

64

What is contrast in interior design?

Answer 34

This is the intentional juxtaposition of dissimilar elements within a design to create emphasis.

Question 35

65

How does proportion differ from scale?

Answer 35

The former is the size relationship between objects or elements in a space.
The latter is the relative size of an object or element in comparison to another element of known size (often the human body).

Question 36

66
What does this diagram represent?
{INSERT IMAGE HERE}

Answer 36

This is a graphic representation of the golden section.

Question 37

67

What is the value of the golden ratio?

Answer 37

This equals (1 + the square root of 5) divided by 2. Approximately 1.618

Question 38

68

What is the Fibonacci sequence?

Answer 38

The series of numbers in which the first two terms are 0 and 1 and each number that follows is the sum of the previous 2. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21….

Question 39

69

What is ergonomics?

Answer 39

This is the study of the relationship between human physiology and the physical environment.

Question 40

70

In what three ways does the human body lose heat?

Answer 40

• convection
• evaporation
• radiation

Question 41

71
People seated along the edge of a table should be provided with a comfortable amount of space between one another. What is the acceptable range for the amount of space per person?

Answer 41

24” - 30” for each person.

Question 42

72

What is anthropometrics?

Answer 42

The practice of measuring the size, proportion, and range of motion of the human body.