Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perio II > Furcations- Review > Flashcards

Furcations- Review Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of furcation therapy include:

A
  1. arrest active disease
  2. prevent further loss of attachment
  3. regenerate loss periodontium
  4. prevent disease recurrence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Objectives of furcation therapy include:

A
  1. access for home care
  2. access for maintenance
  3. establish physiologic bone and tissue architecture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Grade/Class II or Grade/Class III furcation involvement automatically places a patient into stage III-IV peridontitis - according to 2017 AAP classification

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Etiology of furcation bone loss:

A
  1. Plaque (advancing plaque front 1mm from JE) attachment loss
  2. developmental anomalies (furcation concavities)
  3. iatrogenic errors
  4. Pulpal involvement (via lateral canals or endo-perio lesions)
  5. occlusal trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of furcations can be done using ____ as well as ____

A

probes; radiographs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of probing that measures the VERTICAL attachment loss (extent of horizontal loss will not be detected):

A

Standard “straight” probing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type of probing that determines horizontal attachment loss:

A

Nabers “curved” probing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used to probe furcations?

A

Nabers probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a mesial furcation is detected, where should the probe be placed to access it:

A

palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location of furcatino entrances for maxillary molars:

Mesial furcation:
Distal furcation:
Buccal furcation:

A

Mesial furcation: located towards palatal 1/3 so probe from PALATAL

Distal furcation: located in the mid 1/3 under contact point so probe from PALATAL or BUCCAL

Buccal furcation: probe from BUCCAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most commonly used classification for furcations:

A

Goldman & Glickman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classify the following:

-Pocket formation into the flute of the furca, but the interradicular bone is intact

-Loss if attachment

-Bone loss is from buccal to lingual or palatal to buccal (not losing bone in a horizontal direction)

A

Goldman incipient
Glickman grade I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classify the following:

-Loss of interradicular bone with pocket formation of varying depths in to the furca, but NOT completely through to the other side
(Interraducular bone in tact)

-Can be shallow or deep

-Bone loss is starting to be lost horizontally

A

Goldman cul-de0sac or Glickman grade II (shallow & deep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What treatment should be done for Goldman cul-de-sac or Glickman grade II?

A

Would need to reflect a flap because tissue is going to be up to CEJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Classify the following:

-Complete loss of interradicular bone with pocket formation, allowing probe to pass completely to the other side

-AKA: Isolated root

-Soft tissue way may still be intact making it difficult to access and difficult for patient to clean

A

Goldman through & through or Glickman Grade III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classify the following:

-Loss of attachment and gingival recession that has made the furcation clearly visible to clinical examination

-accessible and visible to clinical examination due to soft tissue recession

A

Glickman Grade IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In addition to Goldman and Glickman, what are two other classification systems?

A

Hamp & Tarnow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classification of the HORIZONTAL component of furcation involvement:

A

Hamp classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Classification of the VERTICAL component of furcation involvement:

A

Tarnow classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the following degrees of HAMP classification:

Degree 1:
Degree 2:
Degree 3:

A

Degree 1: less than 3 mm of horizontal loss

Degree 2: greater than 3 mm of horizontal loss but NOT all the way through

Degree 3: through and through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Classification of the VERTICAL component of furcation involvement:

A

Tarnow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the following subclasses of Tarnow Classification:

Subclass A:
Subclass B:
Subclass C:

A

Subclass A: Vertical loss up to 1/3 of furca (1-3mm)

Subclass B: Vertical loss up to 2/3 of furca (4-6mm)

Subclass C: Vertical loss into the apical 1/3 of furca (>7mm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anatomical considerations for furcation management include:

A
  1. cervical enamel projections
  2. root trunk length
  3. furcation root concavities
  4. furcation entrance diameter
  5. pulpal interrelationship
  6. bifurcational ridges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How commonly do we see cervical enamel projections (CEP)?

A

17-33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What teeth are most commonly effected by CEPs?

A

Mandibular second molars

26
Q

What populations are most commonly affected by CEPS?

A

Asians

27
Q

CEPs are classified into grade I, II or III depending on:

A

Extension toward and into the furcation

28
Q

What classification of the CEP is MOST extended in the furcation?

A

Grade III

29
Q

Implications of CEPs:

A

Epithelial attachment (loss of epithelial attachment due to epithelium only being able to attach to enamel)

30
Q

What is the recommended treatment for CEPs?

A

Take high-speed bur to remove enamel projection (then place fluoride)

31
Q

T/F: 94% of the time on the MB surface of the maxillary first molar there is a concavity. 100% of the time on the mesial surface of the mandibular first molar there is a concavity

A

Both statements true

32
Q

81% of furcations are _____ in diameter

58% of furcations are ____ in diameter

A

Less than or equal to 1mm

Less than or equal to 0.75mm

33
Q

What is the width of a new currette blade?

What does this mean?

A

0.75-1.25mm

Therefore 58% of furcations cannot be hand instrumented with hand instruments

34
Q

Pulpal status can affect the periodontium by ways of:

A
  1. lateral canals
  2. accessory canals
  3. apical foramen
35
Q

T/F: Incidence of lateral canals is 28% in the furcation area. Lateral canals can lead to perio-endo

A

Both statements true

36
Q

T/F: Primary endodontic lesions with perio involvement have the best prognosis

A

False- with NO PERIO INVOLVEMENT

37
Q

Bifurcational ridges/Interradicular ridges are most commonly associated with:

A

Mandibular first molar

MD > BL

38
Q

Furcation treatment is based on:

A

Grade of furcation

39
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

-control of inflammation through plaque control & root preparation

-adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-eval

-odontoplasty if indicated

A

Grade I furcation

40
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

-control of inflammation through plaque control and root preparation

-adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-eval

-odontopalsty if indicated

-flap debridement/osseous surgery or potential regeneration

A

Grade II (shallow)

41
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

-control of inflammation (difficult)

-adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-eval

-flap debridement/osseous surgery

-root resection

-osseous regeneration

-tunnel preparation

-extraction

A

Grade II deep

42
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

-control of inflammation (difficult)

-adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-eval

-flap debridement (difficult)

-root resection

-tunnel preparation

-extraction

A

Grade III furcation

43
Q

Odontoplasty may be indicated in:

A

Grade I and shallow grade II furcations

44
Q

When would a tunnel procedure be indicated?

A

Deep grade II & grade III furcations

*must have divergent roots and good patient homecare

45
Q

If access for plaque control cannot be done in a furcation with severe bone loss on of the roots but good support on the possible remaining roots ____ may be indicated

A

Root resection

46
Q

-severe bone loss
-close root proximity
-inability to perform homecare
-strategic tooth
-root fracture
-unable to treat with endo
-deep grade II and grade III

A

Root resection

47
Q

Root resection failure reasons from most to least common:

A
  1. root fracture
  2. periodontal
  3. endodontic
  4. cement washout
48
Q

-severe bone on retained roots
-unable to do endo on retained root
-fused roots apical to furcation
-poor plaque control
-mobile teeth
-long root trunk length
-poor medical health
-economics/cost
-age
-type of periodontitis

A

Contraindications to root resection

49
Q

T/F: Success of implants was 97% at 13 years whereas root resection success was 96.8% at 15 years

A

True

50
Q

T/F: Regeneration is usually done on Class I and Class II shallow

A

True

51
Q

According to Dr. Taos lecture, what is the acceptable perio maintenance recall interval in a patient with a history of periodontitis and ACCEPTABLE HOMECARE?

A

3 months

52
Q

According to Dr. Thein’s lecture, _____ % of Stage III-IV periodontitis patients are treated by general practicioners

A

66%

53
Q

T/F: You should always quote fees of a specialist that you are referring a patient to in order to give the patient a better idea of the cost of treatment

A

False

54
Q

According to Dr. Thein’s lecture, what is the best way to make sure a patient goes through with referral to a specialist?

A

Help make the appointment for your patient with your staff, while the patient is still at your office

55
Q

What is the main reason that you should refer your patient to a specialist?

A

It is the standard of care

56
Q

T/F: You should keep your lines of communication open with your patients and the referral office, etc.

A

True

57
Q

According to the 2017 AAP classification, which of the following is correct?

A

Peri-implantitis is a pathologic plaque-induced condition associated with inflammation and supporting bone loss that is IRREVERSIBLE

58
Q

Which of the following is NOT defined by the 2017 AAP classification?

A

ailing failing implant

59
Q

What is the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis in patients?

A

62.6%

60
Q

What is the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis in patients?

A

28-51%

61
Q

Patient presents with windows of exposed bone. What is this condition called?

A

Fenestrations

62
Q
A

Perio II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions