Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Perio II > Furcation Management- Review > Flashcards

Furcation Management- Review Flashcards

1
Q

Goals of furcation therapy:

A
  1. arrest active disease
  2. prevent further loss of attachment
  3. regenerate lost periodontium
  4. prevent disease reoccurrence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Objectives of furcation therapy:

A
  1. access for home care
  2. access for maintenance
  3. establish physiologic bone and tissue architecture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

T/F: Grade/Class II or Grade/Class III furcation involvement automatically places a patient into stage III or IV periodontitis (according to 2017 AAP classification change)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Etiology of furcation bone loss:

A
  1. plaque (advancing plaque front 1mm from JE) attachment loss
  2. developmental anomalies (furcation concavities)
  3. Iatrogenic erros
  4. pulpal involvement (via lateral canals or endo-perio lesions)
  5. occlusal trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis of furcations can be done using ____ as well as ____.

A

probes & radiographs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of probing that measures the VERTICAL attachment loss (extend of horizontal loss will not be detected)

A

standard “straight” probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Type of probing that determines horizontal attachment loss:

A

Nabers “curved” probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is used to probe furcations?

A

nabers probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a mesial furcation is detected, where should the probe be placed to access it?

A

probe to access it from the palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Location of furcation entrances for maxillary molars:

Mesial furcation:
Distal furcation:
Buccal furcation:

A

Mesial furcation: located toward palatal 1/3 so probe from PALATAL

Distal furcation: located in the mid 1/3 (under contact point) so probe from PALATAL OR BUCCAL

Buccal furcation: probe from BUCCAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most commonly used classifications for furcations:

A

Goldman and glickman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classify the following:

  • pocket formation into the flute of the furca, but the inter-radicular bone is intact
  • loss of attachment
  • bone bone loss if from buccal to lingual or palatal to buccal (not losing bone in a horizontal direction)
A

Goldman: Incipient
Glickman: Grade 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classify the following:

  • Loss of inter-radicular bone with pocket formation of varying depths into the fulcra, but not completely through to the other side (interradicular bone intact)
  • shallow or deep
  • bone loss is starting to be lost horizontally
A

Goldman: Cul-de-sac
Glickman: Grade 2 (shallow and deep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What treatment should be done for Goldman cul-de-sac or glickman grade 2?

A

Would need to reflect a flap because tissues is gong o be up to CEJ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Classify the following:

  • complete loss of inter-radicular bone with pocket formation allowing probe to pass completely to the other side
  • AKA “isolated root”
  • Soft tissue way may still be intact making it difficult to access and difficult for patient to clean
A

Goldman through and through
Glickman Grade III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Classify the following:

  • Loss of attachment and gingival recession that has made the furcation clearly visible to clinical examination
  • Accessible and visible to clinical examination due to soft tissue recession
A

Glickman grade IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In addition to Goldman and Glickman, what are the two other classification systems for furcations?

A

Hamp & Tarnow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Classification of the HORIZONTAL component of furcation involvement:

A

Hamp classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the following degrees of HAMP classification:

Degree 1:
Degree 2:
Degree 3:

A

Degree 1: less than 3mm of horizontal loss
Degree 2: greater than 3 mm of horizontal loss but not all the way through
Degree 3: through and through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Classification of the VERTICAL component of furcation involvement:

A

Tarnow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the following subclasses of Tarnow classification:

Subclass A:
Subclass B:
Subclass C:

A

Subclass A: vertical loss up to 1/3 of the furca (1-3mm)

Subclass B: vertical loss up to 2/3 of the furca (4-6mm)

Subclass C: vertical loss into the apical 1/3 (greater than 7mm)

22
Q

Anatomical considerations for furcation management include:

A
  1. cervical enamel projections
  2. root trunk length
  3. furcation root concavities
  4. furcation entrance diameter
  5. pulpal interrelationship
  6. bifurcational ridges
23
Q

How common do we see cervical enamel projections (CEP)

A

17-33%

24
Q

What teeth are most commonly effected by CEPs?

A

mandibular 2nd molars

25
Q

What populations are most commonly affectedly CEPs?

A

asians

26
Q

CEPs are classified into grade 1, 2, and 3 depending on:

A

extension towards and into the furcation

27
Q

What classification of CEP is the most extended into the furcation?

A

grade 3

28
Q

Implications of CEPs:

A

epithelial attachment (loss of epithelial attachment due to epithelium only being able to attach to enamel)

29
Q

What is the recommended treatment for CEPs?

A

use high speed bur to remove enamel projection (then place fluoride)

30
Q

T/F: 94% of the time on the MB surface of the maxillary 1st molar there is a concavity present. 100% of the time there is a root concavity on the mesial surface of the mandibular fist molar, and 99% of the time on the distal surface of the mandibular 1st molar.

A

All statements true

31
Q

81% of furcations are ____ in diameter

58% of furcations are ____ in diameter

A

less than or equal to 1mm

less than or equal to 0.75mm

32
Q

What is the width of a new curette blade?

What does this mean?

A

0.75-1.25 mm

Therefore 58% of furcations cannot be instrumented with hand instruments

33
Q

Pulpal status can affect the periodontium by ways of:

A
  1. lateral canals
  2. accessory canals
  3. apical foramen
34
Q

T/F: incidence of lateral canals is 28% in the fraction area. Lateral canals can lead to perio endo

A

both statements true

35
Q

T/F: Primary endodontic lesions with perio involvement have the best prognosis

A

false- with no perio involvment

36
Q

Bifurcationial ridges/interradicular ridges are most commonly associated with:

A

mandibular 1st molar

MD> BL

37
Q

Furcation treatment is based on:

A

grade of furcation

38
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

  • control of inflammation thought plaque control and root preparation
  • adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-evaluation
  • odontoplasty if indicated
A

Grade I furcation

39
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

  • control of inflammation through plaque control and root preparation
  • adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-evaluation
  • odontoplasty if indicated

-flap debridement /osseous surgery or potential regeneration

A

Grade II (shallow)

40
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

  • control of inflammation (difficult)
  • adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-evaluation
  • flap debridement/osseous surgery
  • root resection
  • osseous regeneration
  • tunnel preparation
  • extraction
A

Grade II (deep)

41
Q

List the grade of furcation based on the following treatment:

  • control of inflammation (difficult)
  • adjustment of occlusion if indicated at re-evaluation
  • flap debridement (difficult)
  • root resection
  • tunnel preparation
  • extraction
A

Grade III

42
Q

Odontoplasty may be indicated in:

A

Grade I and shallow Grade II furcations

43
Q

When would a tunnel procedure be indicated?

A

deep grade II and grade III furcations

  • Must have divergent roots and good patient homecare
44
Q

If access for plaque control cannot be done in a furcation with severe bone loss on one of the roots but good support on the possible remaining roots. ____ may be indicated.

A

root resecton

45
Q
  • severe bone loss
  • close root proximity
  • inability to perform home care
  • strategic tooth
  • root fracture
  • unable to treat with endo
  • DEEP grade 2 & grade 3
A

root resection

46
Q

Root resection failure reasons (most to least common)

A
  1. root fracture
  2. periodontal
  3. endodontic
  4. cement washout
47
Q
  • severe bone loss on retained roots
  • unable to do endo on retained root
  • fuse roots apical to furcation
  • poor plaque control
  • mobile teeth
  • long root trunk length
  • poor medical health
  • economics/cost
  • age
  • type of periodontitis
A

Contraindication to root resection

48
Q

T/F: Success of implants was 97% at 13 years where as root resection success was 96.8% at 15 years

A

True

49
Q

T/F: Regeneration is usually done on Class I and Class II shallow

A

True

50
Q
A

Perio II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions