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Cancer histology > FunMed epithelia and glands > Flashcards

FunMed epithelia and glands Flashcards

1
Q

where do you find simple squamous cells?

A

outer surface of organs and blood vessels

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2
Q

where do you find the mesothelium?

A

lining of the pleua

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3
Q

what sort of epithelium is the mesothelium

A

simple squamous

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4
Q

what is the advantage of the shape of simple squamous cells?

A

ideal for diffusion of gases

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5
Q

what sort of cells line the endothelium?

A

simple squamous

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6
Q

where do you find simple cuboidal epithelia

A

glands and ducts

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7
Q

name 4 ducts lined with simple cuboidal epithelial cells

A

salivary

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8
Q

where is the nucleus normally found in simple cuboidal cells?

A

near the basement membrane

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9
Q

where do you find simple cuboidal cells

A

areas of active absorption of material eg stomach

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10
Q

what do simple columnar cell often have on the apical surface?

A

microvilli

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11
Q

what do microvilli look like in LM pictures

A

brush border

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12
Q

what holds up microvilli?

A

actin filaments

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13
Q

what are pseudostratified cells?

A

squished in but not stratified

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14
Q

where so you find cilia?

A

respiratory tract

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15
Q

what are cillia made of?

A

microtubule and DYNEIN protein

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16
Q

what do cilia do?

A

waft mucus

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17
Q

where would you find non-keratinising stratified squamous cells?

A

places which are abrased but also lubricated eg oesophagus

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18
Q

where do you find keratinised stratified squamous cell

A

skin

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19
Q

what are microtubules made of

A

tubulin protein

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20
Q

what is metaplasia

A

one type of tissue (say stratified cuboidal) is replaced by another (say stratified squamous)

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21
Q

what is neoplasia

A

literally new growth. Often dodgy. Cells grow autonomously without need for growth signals. Can metastasise

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22
Q

what are transitional epithelial cells

A

ONLY FOUND IN THE URINARY SYSTEM<br></br>when bladder is empty

23
Q

where do you find stratified cuboidal cells

A

Big glands - mammary

24
Q

what are the specialised functions of stratified cuboidal cells?

A

layer of cells keeping lumen and underlying tissue separate<br></br>specialised for selective absorptions and secretions<br></br>many junctions keeping the fluid IN THE LUMEN

25
Q

are stereocilia motile

A

No

26
Q

what are stereocilia made of

A

actin filaments

27
Q

what is a tight junction

A

<ul><li>nearest to apical surface</li><li>occluding junction</li><li>determines which ions & molecules diffuse between cells</li></ul>

<br></br>

28
Q

what is an adhering junction?

A

below the tight junction

29
Q

what is a Desmosome?

A

hold adjacent cells togetehr but also have a network of intracellular fibres between desmosomes

30
Q

what is a gap junction

A

a bit like a plughole. Allows for small molecules and ions to pass directly between cells.

31
Q

what does a gap junction look like on EM

A

like the two outer leaflets of adjacent cells have fused

32
Q

what stain can you use to show the basement membrane?

A

periodic acid schiff

33
Q

what is the basement membrane made of?

A

collagenous and non-collagenous glycoproteins and proteoglycans

34
Q

how do epithelial cells and basement mambrane interact integrins on basal surface of cells

A

interacts w proteins in the BM

35
Q

what do glands do

A

secrete stuff

36
Q

can glands be unicellular

A

yes

37
Q

what is exocrine secretion

A

product is secreted onto a surface or into a duct

38
Q

what is endocrine secretion

A

product is secreted directly into intercellular space

39
Q

what is merocrine secretion

A

type of exocrine - vesicles fuse with apical cell membrane to secrete the product

40
Q

what is apocrine secretion

A

top of cell containing vesicles is pinched off to release the product

41
Q

what is holocrine secretion

A

entire cell dies to secrete the product - eg sebum from sebaceous gland

42
Q

what is an acinar duct

A

sac like secretory portion then duct

43
Q

where would you find a coiled tubular duct

A

sweat glands

44
Q

where would you find a branched tubular duct

A

glands in uterus and stomach

45
Q

what would you see on a LM of squamous cell carcinoma

A

a lot of keratin in swirls

46
Q

what is adenoma?

A

benign tumour of epithelial tissue with glandular origin or characteristics

47
Q

what are the characteristics of adenoma?

A

Cell dysplasia (atypical or loss of normal differentiation of epithelium) <div>•Irregular cells with hyperchromatic nuclei</div> <div>•Stratified or pseudo-stratified nuclei</div>

48
Q

what is an adenocarcinoma

A

cancer that starts in glandular tissue that makes muus or fluids

49
Q

describe characteristics of adenocarcinoma

A

neoplasia of epithelial tissue that has glandular origin or characteristic

50
Q

where tdo most breast cancers start

A

ducts and lobules

51
Q

where do colon cancers originate

A

mucus secreting goblet cells and water absorbing cells

52
Q

40% of lung cancers are….?

A

adenocarcinomas

53
Q

where do lung adenocarcinomas originate

A

peripheral lung tissue

Cancer histology (5 decks)

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