Fungi Questions Flashcards
What type of nutrition do fungi have?
Heterotrophic nutrition
Fungi obtain nutrients through external digestion by releasing enzymes into their environment.
What are fungal cell walls made of?
Chitin
This is different from plant cell walls, which are made of cellulose.
How do fungi reproduce?
Using spores
In contrast, plants primarily reproduce through seeds and pollen.
What is the structure of fungi lacking?
True roots, stems, and leaves
Fungi have bodies made up of hyphae forming a network called mycelium.
To which kingdom are fungi more closely related?
Animals
Fungi are genetically and evolutionarily more similar to animals than to plants.
What is apple scab?
A fungal disease caused by Venturia inaequalis
It affects the leaves and fruits of the apple tree.
What is one method to control apple scab in Ontario?
Chemical fungicides
Common fungicides include sulfur or synthetic sprays to prevent infections.
What cultural practice helps control apple scab?
Orchard management strategies
These include pruning, removing infected leaves, and improving air circulation.
What is an organic method used to control apple scab?
Copper-based sprays or neem oil
Some farmers prefer these alternatives to synthetic fungicides.
What is the primary mode of nutrition for animals?
Heterotrophic nutrition with internal digestion
Animals consume food and digest it internally, unlike plants and fungi.
How do animal cells differ from plant and fungal cells?
Animal cells have only a flexible cell membrane
Plants have cellulose-based cell walls, and fungi have chitin-based cell walls.
What is a key characteristic of animal movement compared to plants and fungi?
Most animals can move at some stage in their life cycle
Plants and fungi are generally sessile.
What specialized tissues do animals possess that plants and fungi do not?
Specialized nerve cells and muscle tissues
These allow for rapid responses to environmental changes.
How do animals respond to stimuli compared to plants and fungi?
Animals exhibit complex behaviors in response to stimuli
Plants and fungi respond primarily through passive growth and chemical processes.
What is the typical reproductive stage for animals?
Dominant diploid (2n) stage
Fungi alternate between haploid and diploid stages, while plants have an alternation of generations.
What is one major evolutionary advance found in reptiles, birds, and egg-laying mammals?
Amniotic egg
It has a protective shell and membranes that retain moisture.
What benefit does the amniotic egg provide?
Prevents dehydration and allows survival in dry environments
This adaptation is crucial for reproduction away from water.
What adaptations do reptiles, birds, and mammals have for reducing water loss?
Waterproof skin or feathers
Reptiles have scaly skin, birds have feathers, and mammals have hair/fur.
What advanced respiratory system do birds possess?
Efficient air sac system for constant oxygen flow
This system supports high energy demands.
What is the benefit of advanced lung structures in mammals and reptiles?
Supports high energy demands
This adaptation allows greater endurance and activity levels.
How does internal fertilization benefit reproductive success?
Increases reproductive success
It ensures higher survival rates for offspring.
What is a key difference between birds, mammals, and reptiles regarding temperature regulation?
Birds and mammals are endothermic
This allows them to regulate body temperature.
What advantage does endothermy provide for birds and mammals?
Allows them to stay active in cold environments
It also helps maintain a high metabolism.
