#9 - Kingdom plantae Flashcards
From what did plants evolve?
Green algae
Both contain chlorophyll a and b, have cellulose in cell walls, and store food as starch.
What are the adaptations of plants to life on land?
- Protection from drying out
- Transport system
- Support system to reach light and air
What was the size and habitat of early plants?
Small and lived in moist places
How did early plants obtain water and dissolved substances?
Through osmosis
What evolved to allow plants to grow larger and taller?
Vascular tissue
How are gametes transported in larger plants?
- Carried by wind
- Animals
- Insects
What does a zygote develop into?
A protective seed: embryo, stored food, waterproof coat
What are non-vascular plants also known as?
Bryophytes
What are the characteristics of bryophytes?
- Lack a vascular system
- Must grow close to the ground
- Depend on water to transport gametes
What are the three types of non-vascular plants?
- Mosses
- Liverworts
- Hornworts
What are seedless vascular plants also known as?
Ferns
What are the characteristics of seedless vascular plants?
- Embryos are not contained within seeds
- Have evolved a vascular system
What are the three types of seedless vascular plants?
- Whisk ferns
- Horsetails
- Ferns
What are gymnosperms also known as?
Conifers
Give examples of gymnosperms.
- Pine trees
- Firs
- Spruce
- Cedar
- Redwood
What does ‘gymnosperm’ mean?
Naked seed
How do seeds benefit gymnosperms?
- Allow sexual reproduction without needing water
- Provide protection against harsh environmental conditions
What adaptations do the needle-like leaves of gymnosperms have?
- Thick, waxy cuticle
- Sunken stomata
What do angiosperms include?
All flowering plants
What do angiosperms produce?
True seeds (enclosed in an outer coating)
