Fungi Groups Flashcards
What are Chytrids?
Chytrids belong to Phylum Chytridiomycota and include Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians. They mainly reproduce asexually through spores called zoospores, which have flagella.
What are Zygospore Fungi?
Zygospore Fungi belong to Phylum Zygomycota and include common moulds. They usually reproduce asexually by spores formed within sporangia but can reproduce sexually when conditions are unfavourable.
How do Zygospore Fungi reproduce sexually?
During sexual reproduction, two haploid hyphae of opposite types from different parents combine and fuse their nuclei to create a zygosporangium, which remains dormant until conditions improve. It will then produce many haploid spores that disperse and germinate.
What are Glomeromycetes?
Glomeromycetes belong to Phylum Glomeromycota and include about 160 species. They form arbuscular mycorrhizae, where hyphae tips branch into arbuscules that push into plant root cells.
What is the role of Glomeromycetes in plant relationships?
These fungi enhance water and mineral absorption for plants, while plants provide fungi with sugars.
What are Sac Fungi?
Sac Fungi belong to Phylum Ascomycota and include leaf mildews, morels, truffles, and single-celled yeasts. They usually reproduce asexually by spores called conidia formed externally at the tips of specialized hyphae.
How do Sac Fungi reproduce sexually?
During sexual reproduction, two haploid hyphae of opposite types combine (plasmogamy) and fuse their nuclei (karyogamy) to create a diploid zygote in an ascus. This zygote undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid cells, which then undergo mitosis to produce eight haploid ascospores.
What are Club Fungi?
Club Fungi belong to Phylum Basidiomycota and include mushrooms and puffballs. They mainly reproduce sexually.
How do Club Fungi reproduce sexually?
During sexual reproduction, two haploid hyphae of opposite types combine and fuse their nuclei to create a diploid zygote in a basidium. This zygote undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid basidiospores, which disperse and germinate.
