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Week 2-Day 4 > Fungi & Antifungals > Flashcards

Fungi & Antifungals Flashcards

1
Q

Endemic (true) Pathogens

A

Fungi that are capable of infecting HEALTHY individuals.

  • Usually dimorphic fungi
  • Usually asymptomatic infection until the host’s immune system is compromised.
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2
Q

Opportunistic Pathogens

A

Fungi that infect immunocompromised individuals.

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3
Q

Yeast (candida)

A

Single-celled fungi

*snowman shape

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4
Q

Molds

A

Has two different types

  • Septate Hyphae (can see cell divisions)
  • Aseptate Hypahe (cannot see cell divisions)
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5
Q

Conidia

A

Fungi Spores

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6
Q

Thermally Dimorphic

A

Fungi that can respond to shifts in temperature by converting between hyphae (mold in the environment), conidia (spores when infectious), and yeast (inside host).

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7
Q

Septate Hyphae (Mold)

A

Aspergillus

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8
Q

Aseptate Hyphae (Mold)

A
  1. Zygomycetes
  2. Mucor

*Higher mortality than Aspergillus

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9
Q

4 Key Fungal Cell Envelope Structures

A
  1. Cell membrane contains ergosterol (vs cholesterol in humans).
  2. Cell wall is composed of chitin (vs peptidoglycan in bacteria) & B-glucans.
  3. Cell wall Surface proteins contains mannose sugars.
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10
Q

Polyenes

A

Antifungal agents that bind ergosterol and forms pores in the membrane.

  • can also bind cholesterol in mammalian cells.
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11
Q

Azoles

A

Antifungal agents that inhibit ergosterol synthesis.

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12
Q

Echinocandins

A

Antifungal agents that inhibit B-glucan synthesis.

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13
Q

5-flucytosine

A

Antifungal agent that inhibits fungal thymidine synthesis (therefore DNA/protein synthesis).

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14
Q

Examples of Opportunistic Fungi

A
  1. Candida Albicans

2. Mucor

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15
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum

A
  • Thermally dimorphic
  • Resides in bat/bird poop
  • Middle Eastern States (Ohio, Missouri)
  • Affects Lungs
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16
Q

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

A
  • Thermally dimorphic
  • Resides in wooded areas
  • Middle Eastern States (Minnesota)
  • Affects Lungs
17
Q

Coccidioides Immitis (Valley Fever)

A
  • Thermally dimorphic
  • Resides in deserted areas
  • South Western States (Texas, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico)
  • Affects Lungs

Week 2-Day 4 (4 decks)

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