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Immunology block 7 > Fungi And Viruses > Flashcards

Fungi And Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi are _________ eukaryotes

A

Non-photosynthetic

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2
Q

Fungi have cell walls composed of

A

Chitin

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3
Q

Fungi cell membrane have ______ instead of cholesterol

A

Ergosterol

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4
Q

What are some unicellular molds?

A

Yeasts
Mold
Dimorphic molds

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5
Q

What are unicellular fungi, that form colonies and reproduce by budding

A

Yeasts

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6
Q

What are filamentous fungi, that found colonies, and appear cotton like

A

Mold

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7
Q

Mold has branches called

A

Hyphae

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8
Q

What are septate hyphae

A

Cross wall segments in hyphae

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9
Q

What are aseptate hyphae

A

No septa and many nuclei

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10
Q

What are dimorphic fungi

A

Temperature dependent

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11
Q

Yeast parasite form at what temp

A

37 degree C in the body and sometimes a little cooler than that

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12
Q

Mold/mycelia form when grown at what temp

A

25 degrees C

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13
Q

What is the most common yeast

A

Candida albicans

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14
Q

What is the only encapsulated yeast

A

Crytococcus neoformans

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15
Q

What is India ink used for in yeasts

A

To look for a capsule

If there is a big halo then you have cryptococcus neoformans

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16
Q

Why are dimorphics considered primary fungal pathogens

A

Because they can infect a healthy person

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17
Q

Where do you find a lot of histoplasmosis

A

Chicken coops

Caves

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18
Q

T/F Histoplasmosis can infect the eye

A

True

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19
Q

What are primary pathogens

A

Can infect an immunocompetent (healthy) person

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20
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen

A

Cause infection in immunocompromised host

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21
Q

What are the 4 primary pathogens

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Paracoccioides brasiliensis

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22
Q

Dimorphism fung can dissemate from where to where

A

Lungs to other organs

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23
Q

Candida albicans is an example of what kind of pathogen

A

Opportunistic pathogen

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24
Q

When do fungi generally infect

A

When normal defenses or normal flora are disrupted

Immunosuppression

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25
Q

What are superficial mycoses

A

Infect outer layers of skin, hair, nails

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26
Q

What are cutaneous mycoses

A

Infect epidermis and deeper skin layers

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27
Q

What are subQ mycoses

A

Infect dermis, SubQ, muscles, fascia

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28
Q

What are systemic mycoses

A

Originate in lungs and disseminate to other organs

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29
Q

Describe actinomyces

A

Normal flora in mouth and GI

Cause eroding abscesses following mucus membrane trauma
Forms sulfur granules

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30
Q

Describe nocardia

A

Inhaled, not normal flora

Stains active fast (can be confused wth TB, to differentiate look for branches)

Causes filamentous abscesses and cavitation

Can travel to the brain and other organs

31
Q

What other bacteria can be confused as acid fast

A

Nocardia (look for branchs)

GI parasites (look for rod cells)

32
Q

What causes cutaneous mycoses

A

Dermatophytes

33
Q

Invasion of sin with cutaneous mycoses causes an inflamed outward-spreading lesion, aka

A

Ring worm

34
Q

This mycoses has cosmetic involvement

A

Superficial mycoses

35
Q

How do SubQ mycoses enter

A

Enter through cuts, punctures caused while working with soil

36
Q

What causes systemic mycoses

A

Dimorphic fungi

37
Q

How do systemic mycoses present

A

As mild, self-limited pulmonary infection in healthy

Cause pneumonia and disseminate in immunocompromised people

38
Q

What causes a fungal ball in the lungs

A

Aspergillus fumigates

39
Q

What causes oral thrush and vulvovaginitis

A

Candida albicans

40
Q

What is the average size of a virus

A

20-250 nm

41
Q

What are “bad news wrapped in a protein coat”

A

Virus

42
Q

Viruses are non-living organisms

A

Know this

43
Q

Why are viruses obligate intracellular infectious agents

A

They infect all living organisms

44
Q

Viruses replicate in only

A

Living organisms

45
Q

How do viruses work in general

A

Hijack the cells metabolism and ribosomes

46
Q

What genetic material do viruses have

A

DNA or RNA (not both)

47
Q

Viruses are filterable and most can pass through a bacterial filter except ______

A

Pox virus

48
Q

Do antibacterial agents work on viruses

A

NO

49
Q

Viruses utilize tropism. What does that mean

A

They are tissue specific

50
Q

What is a vision

A

A complete viral particle

51
Q

What is a capsid

A

Protein coat that surrounds the core

52
Q

Viruses are generally

A

SsRNA

53
Q

What is nucleocapsid

A

Genome plus capsid

54
Q

What is the envelope

A

The outer membrane that surrounds certain viruses

55
Q

What function do spikes have

A

Help with attachment to host cell

56
Q

Look at slide 23-25

A

General info, we are not responsible for them????

57
Q

What are some nomenclature systems for viruses

A

Based on tissue infected

Based on viral genome/core

58
Q

What viral genome categories is most common

A

RNA

Specifically ssRNA

59
Q

Pneumotropic viruses infect

A

Respiratory system

60
Q

Dermotropic viruses infect

A

Skin

61
Q

Viscerotropic virsues infect

A

Blood, organs

62
Q

Neurotropic viruses infect

A

CNS

63
Q

What are some ways to detect virsues

A

Cultivate in live tissue (eggs, tissue)

Signs/symptoms

Inclusion bodies
Cytopathic effects
Plaque assays
Serology (IgM, IgG)
PCR
Reverse transcriptase PCR
64
Q

What are the steps for viral replication

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration/unloading
  3. Biosynthesis (replication)
  4. Maturation (new viruses assembled)
  5. Release (new viruses released, burst size)
65
Q

What are the 2 methods of entry

A

Envelope fuses, nucleocapsid enters

Vesicle forms, whole virus enters

66
Q

Look at slide 33

A

Important

67
Q

What is latency

A

Dormant viral infection

Reactivation of viral infection at induce transformation and proliferation wth resulting neoplasia

68
Q

What is lytic

A

Rupture of cell by virus

69
Q

What is the burst size

A

The number of visions released from one cell

70
Q

Are viruses linked with cancer

A

Yes

71
Q

Viruses can activate what cancer cells

A

Photo-oncogenes

72
Q

What are some cancers that are caused by DNA viruses

A

Cervical (HPV)

Liver (HepB)

73
Q

What are some cancers that are caused by RNA viruses

A

Liver (HepC)
Leukemia (HTLV-1)
Kaposi sarcoma (HIV, HHV-8)

Immunology block 7 (3 decks)

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