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Diversity 1 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

what important role do true fungi play in all ecosystems

A

nutrient recycling

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2
Q

where is one of the most recorded areas for fungi

A

UK

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3
Q

are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

eukaryotic

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4
Q

what are fungi individually termed

A

hyphae

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5
Q

what type of growth do fungi exhibit

A

apical

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6
Q

what are mycelium

A

networks of hyphae

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7
Q

how do fungi reproduce

A

spores (both sexual and asexual)

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8
Q

what are bound in the membrane of fungi

A

nuclei containing several chromosomes

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9
Q

what do fungi secrete out of hyphae to absorb soluble nutrients

A

enzymes

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10
Q

how are spores dispersed in fungi

A

wind
water
animal vectors

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11
Q

if there were no constraints, what shape would a fungal colony be

A

sphere

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12
Q

what flows from the centre to the periphery of a fungal colony

A

nutrients

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13
Q

what is an example of a fungal colony

A

fairy rings

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14
Q

what are true fungi

A

have chiton in the cell walls and all probably have a common ancestor

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15
Q

how many phyla of fungi are there

A

5

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16
Q

what are the 2 fungal nutritional life-styles

A

symbionts

saprotrophs

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17
Q

what are the 2 types of symbiont life styles

A

parasitic

mutualistic

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18
Q

what are symbionts

A

depend on another organism for nutrition

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19
Q

what are the 3 types of fungal symbiont lifestyles (specific)

A

plant parasites
mutualistic symbionts of plants
animal/human parasites

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20
Q

what are saprotrophs

A

utilise dead material for nutrition

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21
Q

what is a parasite that causes a disease called

A

pathogens

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22
Q

what are necrotrophic parasites

A

kill host tissues as part of their feeding process

23
Q

what are bitrophic parasites

A

feed from living cells without killing them

24
Q

what are the 2 types of plant fungal parasites

A

necrotrophic

bitrophic

25
Q

what are mutualistic symbiont fungi

A

gain part of their nutritional needs from the host and relationship is of mutual benefit to both host and parasite

26
Q

identify an example of a mutualistic symbiont fungi

A

mycorrhizal

27
Q

who are particularly affected by fungal parasites

A

immunocompromised patients

28
Q

what is an example of a disease caused by a fungal parasite in animals

A

white-nosed syndrome of bats

29
Q

what is the scientific name for lung infections

A

cryptococcus

30
Q

what do saprotrophs play a major role in

A

decomposition of organic matter

31
Q

what are fungi known as due to them relying on degradation of organic matter for nutrients

A

heterotrophs

32
Q

what is plant pathology

A

the study of plant diseases

33
Q

identify 3 reasons why plant pathogens are important

A

reduction in yields
ecosystem impacts
human health and welfare

34
Q

identify 4 plant pathogens that have been major in history

A

coffee rust
Dutch elm disease
Panama disease of banana
rice brown spot

35
Q

what happens when a plant is infected with dutch elm disease

A

vascular wilt due to the fungi blocking the water transport system

36
Q

what was rice brown spot responsible for

A

bengal famine of 1943

37
Q

what are the 5 phyla of fungi

A 
zygomycota
basidiomycota
ascomycota
glomeromycota
chytridiomycota
38
Q

what phyla are simple organic materials degraded by

A

ascomycota

39
Q

what phyla are more complex organic materials such as woody materials degraded by

A

basidiomycota

40
Q

what can white rot fungi degrade

A

lignified cell walls

41
Q

what can brown rot fungi degrade

A

cellulose
xylans
pectins

42
Q

what is the most significant decay problem in the timber industry

A

brown rot

43
Q

what is the name of the sub-class that is often involved in saprotrophic degredation

A

agriomycetes

44
Q

what do mycorrhiza fungi show

A

mutualistic association between plant roots and soil fungi

45
Q

what do mycorrhiza form association with

A

all groups of plants with the exception of mosses

46
Q

what are the names of the 2 mycorrhiza fungi

A

arabascular

ectomycorrhizas

47
Q

how long is the life of arabascular mycorrhiza

A

5-15 days

48
Q

what 3 things do ectomycorrhiza have

A

fruit body
EM tip
EM mycelial network

49
Q

what can be effected by mycorrhizal fungi colonising roots

A

plant growth

50
Q

what do the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi extend beyond

A

depletion zones surrounding roots

51
Q

what are mycorrhizal hyphae efficient at

A

soil exploration

extracting nutrients from the soil

52
Q

what can ectomycorrhizal fungi produce

A

extracellular protases

53
Q

describe mycoheterotriophic plants

A

lack chlorophyll and are entirely reliant on mycorrhizal fungi for carbon, nutrients and water

Diversity 1 (4 decks)

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