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Final D&D > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Fungi characteristics

A

Q

  • Eukaryotic, aerobic, unicellular or filamentous, heterotrophic, and encased in rigid cell wall.
  • Reproduce via sexual or asexual means
  • It also has a cell membrane inside the cell wall which contains ergosterol.
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2
Q

Why are fungi not like bacteria?

A

has membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

Why are fungi not like plants?

A

lack chlorophyll and are not photosynthetic

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4
Q

Why are fungi not like animals?

A

It has a cell wall! (made of chitin and cellulose)

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5
Q

Describe three means for categorizing fungi. Can they be subclassified?

A
  1. Linnean
  2. Functional Superficial fungal infections
  3. Functional Deep fungal infections

Yes - Fungal species may be subclassified as saprobes, symbionts, commensals or parasites

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6
Q

Examples of fungi that cause Superficial fungal infections and what they utilize for growth

A

DERMATOPHYTES
• Hyphal fungi utilizes keratin as a substrate for growth

CANDIDA
• Yeast that prefers glucose of interstitial fluids

PITYROSPORUM
• Yeast that prefers breakdown products of sebum

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7
Q

Yeast vs Hyphae

differences between morph forms?

A

Yeast forms→ round and oval

Hyphal forms (mold) → filamentous growth form (plural = mycelium), often branched and grow by apical extension.

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8
Q

Do yeast or hypha have septa?

A

Hypha - but can be nonseptate as well

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9
Q

Yeast vs Hyphae

which one is unicellular?

A

Yeast - unicellular

Hyphae - multicellular

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10
Q

Yeast vs Hyphae

Reproduction?

A

Yeast - reproduce by budding or fission

Hyphae - reproduce by formation of spores or conida (looks like a rake)

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11
Q

Two types of spores produced by hyphae

A

Macroconidium (large multinucleated spore)

Microconidium (small unicellular spore)

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12
Q

Rhizoids

A

specialized forms of hyphal elements that grow like roots from larger hyphae

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13
Q

Pseudohyphae

A

elongated yeast linked together like sausages, and do not have cytoplasmic connections between the compartments.

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14
Q

Which species of fungi are dimorphic and exist in yeast or hyphae?

A

o Some Can Have Both Phases = (For thermal dimorphic species)

  • Sporothrix schenkii
  • Coccidioides immitis
  • Histoplasmosa capsulatum
  • Blastomyces dermatitides
  • Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
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15
Q

morphology of the basic forms of asexual spores.

A
  1. CONIDIA
  2. SPORANGIA
  3. CHLAMYDOSPORES
  4. ARTHROSPORES
  5. SPHERULES
  6. BLASTOCONIDIA
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16
Q

Explain the morphology of the asexual spore:

CONIDIA

A

Born off of aerial hyphae (upward projecting hyphae) called conidophores.

May be macroconidium (large and multinucleated) or microconidia (small and unicellular).

17
Q

Explain the morphology of the asexual spore:

SPORANGIA

A

Q

Similar to macroconidia, except spores are enclosed in membranous sac that can break from the sporangiophore (almost like a stalk) and release a sporangium.

18
Q

Explain the morphology of the asexual spore:

CHLAMYDOSPORES

A

Thick walled round spores that are highly resistant to adverse environmental conditions. Terminal one can form at end of hyphae, or intercalary ones along and within hyphae.
Know it’s under stress if you see these.

19
Q

Explain the morphology of the asexual spore:

ARTHROSPORES

A

Along hyphae, but numerous and elongated (shaped like barrel, ex. Coccidiodes immitis). Inhalation from environment can yield the disease.

20
Q

Explain the morphology of the asexual spore:

SPHERULES

A

Large, typically in yeast form and filled with endospores

21
Q

Explain the morphology of the asexual spore:

BLASTOCONIDIA

A

Yeasts that bud asymmetrically.

22
Q

MOA of polyenes

A

“Polyenes punch holes”

○ Bind to ergosterol (fungicidal)

23
Q

MOA of Azoles/Triazoles

A

○ Inhibit enzyme 14a-demethylase (enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol); fungistatic.
○ Oral form also interferes with fungal CYP450

24
Q

MOA of Allylamines/ Benzylamines (terbinafine)

A

○ Inhibit enzyme squalene epoxidase (required for ergosterol synthesis), and leads to accumulation of squalene within fungal cell (toxic!); fungicidal.

25
Q

MOA of Echinocandins

A

Inhibit synthesis of glucan (in CW of some fungi) by inhibition of 1,3-b glucan synthase.

26
Q

MOA of Flucytosine

A

interrupts DNA synthesis; fungistatic

27
Q

MOA of Griseofulvin

A

Disrupts mitotic spindle formation, used in children withtinea capitis b/c of safety record; fungistatic.

Final D&D (16 decks)

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