Common Viral Pathogens Flashcards
What does HSV1 stand for?
Herpes simplex virus type I
HSV1 target cell type?
mucosal epi
HSV1 latency?
neuron (ganglia)
HSV1 transmission?
close contact
HSV1 clinical manifestations?
orofacial lesions, some genital lesions, encephalitis, herpes whitlow, herpes keratitis, neonatal herpes
HSV1 virus type?
ds DNA virus
HSV1 incubation period?
2-12 days (4 on avg)
What is the primary infection of HSV1?
first infection;
usu asymptomatic;
if symptoms present, they’re stronger than later;
no antibody present
What is the HSV1 latency period?
when virus is dormant in the body;
on trigeminal ganglion in facial disease;
on sacral ganglion in genital disease;
waits in the nucleus
What is the HSV1 reactivation phase?
virus emerges from latency and begins to replicate again
What are the signs/symptoms during the HSV1 reactivation phase?
orofacial, cornea (keratitis), or perineal (genital) lesions;
triggered by variety of events;
reactivation commonly asymptomatic or less severe than 1a infection
Why is herpes often spread unknowingly?
sometimes it’s asymptomatic during shedding phase, or the lesions are so small and trivial that they go unnoticed
What is gingivostomatitis?
symptomatic primary infection from HSV1;
ulcers on gums, lips, and tongue (anterior);
drooling;
fever;
lip and cervical lymph node swelling
What is herpetic whitlow?
transfer of virus from mouth to fingers via cuts or abrasions;
erythema, swelling, and grouped vesicles that grow into pustules with cloudy fluid;
tender to the touch
What is genital herpes?
usually HSV2 infection but HSV1 30% of the time;
painful vesicles and ulcers in genital and perianal region that last 10-14 days;
swelling; painful urination
What is herpes keratitis?
HSV infection of the cornea, usually by HSV1;
produces dendritic lesions of the cornea that can cause scarring and blindness (one of the leading causes)
What is encephalitis?
herpes infection of the brain; 1a or reactivation; bloodborne or neuronally spread; fulimant, hemorrhagic, necrotizing;
usu temporal lobes;
altered mental status and death results
What is neonatal herpes?
primary infection of a neonate acquired en utero, peripartum (most often), or postpartum;
mostly HSV2
What is the most common reactivation of HSV1?
herpes labialis (cold sores)
1a infection of any of the 3 branches of cranial nerve 5 (____, _____, or _____) leads to latent infection of nerve cells in the trigeminal ganglion.
ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular
1a infection of any of the 3 branches of cranial nerve 5 (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) leads to latent infection of nerve cells in the ______.
trigeminal ganglion
1a infection of any of the 3 branches of cranial nerve ____ (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) leads to latent infection of nerve cells in the trigeminal ganglion.
five