Fungi (2) Flashcards
Fungi are mostly _____ ____. However, there are ____ species.
Multicellular
Eukaryotes
Unicellular
What do multicellular fungi consist of?
They consist of a mass of branched filaments, hyphae enclosed by a rigid wall of chitin and glucan.
What is a hypha?
It is a multi-branched tubular cell filled with cytoplasm. The tube can be either aseptate or (continuous) or septate (divided into compartments by cross walls, septa)
The hyphae branch repeatedly into a network, the ____, which makes up the ___, or undifferentiated vegetative body.
Mycelium
Thallus
What happens when a fungus reproduces asexually?
It forms spore-producing bodies e.g. mushrooms or sporangia
When do many fungi become noticeable?
When the spore producing bodies are formed.
What are can be extracted from seaweed?
Phycocolloids, which are basically polyssacharides that are derived from seaweeds. The three major phycocolloids are alginates, agars, and carrageenans.
What properties do the Phycocolloids have?
Thickening or gelling properties.
Phycocolloids can also be used to make __ plates which are used by microbiologists in laboratories as a substrate for culturing bacteria, fungi and ____ cells and tissues.
Agar
Eukaryotic
What the other economic uses of algae? (8)
- Plant growth regulators
- Iodine from kelp can be included in mineral salt tablets
- Natural pigments extracted from algae can be used as an alternative to chemical dyes and colouring agents
- Cash Crop
- Nutritional supplements
- Crude oil and natural gas have ancient algae remnants
- Oil-producing algae are being grown as a potential alternative to fossil fuels
- Can contribute to sustainable employment opportunities and socio-economic upliftment in SA
What can the very fine silica-contains sediment formed from the cell walls of dead diatoms be used as? (3)
- Ingredient of cleaning substances
- A filtering material
- A filler and extender in paint and paper
What are the economic uses of fungi? (4)
- Used a direct food source
- To produce drugs
- Used for the production of biological compounds
- For the fermentation process
Which biological compounds do fungi help make? (3)
- Alcohols
- Plant growth regulators for plant and fruit development
- Enzymes
What type of drugs do fungi help produce? (3)
- Antibiotics
- Drugs that control hemorrhage after birth
- Drugs that control cholesterol levels and ward off coronary heart disease
What are spores?
Fungal spores are microscopic biological particles that allow fungi to be reproduced, serving a similar purpose to that of seeds in the plant world.
