Fungi Flashcards
we are responsible for knowing the sac fungi and club fungi. What is th synapomorphy for these two?
dikaryon stage;
septate hyphae
mycorrhiza are an example of
mutualism
Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic relationship between a plant and a fungus that lives in the plant’s roots.
fungi can reproduce both
sexually and asexually
both sac fungi and club fungi have a dikaryon stage in their sexual life cycles. Where are the sexual spores in sac fungi vs club fungi?
sac fungi: in sacs called asci
club fungi: on a pedestal(a club)
Fungi produce spores which are
single cells that are typically haploid and undergo repeated rounds of mitosis to make a multciellar haploid structure.
the ignition of spore division is called
germination
most of a fungi life is spent
underground
fungi have no morphological distinction between female and male structure. how do we distinguish them?
we distinguish by mating type, either plus(+) or minus(-)
can individuals of the same mating type mater togehter
no
fungi have a unique life cycle stage called a dikaryon. It is neither ______(1). Describe this step
(1) haploid or diploid
when cells of two mating types fuse, only their cytoplasm fuses initially(plasmogamy), but the nuclei remain unfused for an extended period of time
we say that its ploidy is n + n
karyogamy is also known as
fertilization
talk about the ploidy of cells before, between and after pasmogamy and karyogamy
TWO HAPLOID CELLS
plasmogamy
1 DIKARYOTIC CELL
karyogamy
1 DIPLOID CELL`
are spores always haploid?
yes
Are there multiple ways to make spores?
yes, mitosis and meiosis
Asexual reproduction of fungi
are they always haploid or diploid?
do they only undergo mitosis or meiosis?
always haploid
only mitosis
what is the process of sexual reproduction of fungi
Haploid
PLASMOGAMY
eukaryotic
KARYOGAMY
diploid
MEIOSIS
haploid
MITOSIS
what are the roles of mitosis and meiosis in fungi?
meiosis is used to make a spore producing structure
mitosis is used to actually make the spores
each spore can develop
into a new fungus
in order for sexual reproduction to occur what needs to happen?
two hyphae of different mating types need to come close enough to each other
what part of the fungi is above ground
fruiting structure
Ascomycota is
sac fungi
bakers yeast is part of this group
lichens
Basidiomycota is
club fungi
have mushrooms as their fruiting structure
they are saprobic meaning they live in environments that are rich in organic matter but low in oxygen
is the fruiting structure mostly haploid, diploid, or eukaryotic.
dikaryotic
what is something that is present in sac fungi but absent in club fungi
spore producing structure
use meiosis to right away make the spores
