Fungi

Question 0

Fungi includes these 3:

Answer 0

• Yeast:unicellular usually nonfilamentous
• molds:filamentous, multicellular
• fleshy fungi:mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungus

Question 1

Mycology:

Answer 1

Study of fungi

Question 2

Is fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic. Has true nucleus

Question 3

Hyphae:

Answer 3

Fungal filaments (microscopic) grow by elongation at the tips to form a mycelial mass or mycelium(visible to naked eye)

Question 4

2 types of mycelium:

Answer 4

Vegetative mycelium
And
Aerial or reproductive mycelium

Question 5

Vegetative mycelium:

Answer 5

Absorbs food, on surface or beneath

Question 6

Aerial or reproductive mycelium:

Answer 6

Bears reproductive spores

Question 7

Filamentous:

Answer 7

Fleshy fungi composed of closely packed hyphae

Question 8

External digestion:

Answer 8

Absorptive heterotrophs: secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients

Question 9

Fungi contain what in the cell wall?

Answer 9

Chitin-rigid polysaccharide

Question 10

What solutions do fungi grow in?

Answer 10

Hypertonic solutions, at lower pH than bacteria

Question 11

Fungi are primarily saprophytic:

Answer 11

Decomposers which acquire nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter (recyclers)

Question 12

Industrial uses for fungi?

Answer 12

Bread, wine, cheese, source of antibiotics including penicillin

Question 13

How many known fungi species?

Answer 13

100,000 known only 100 are pathogenic to man or animals. (Most are plant pathogens)

Question 14

Fungi reproduction;

Answer 14

• Both asexual and sexual reproduction by true reproductive spores.
• spores form on the aerial mycelium in a variety of ways and in a variety of structures.

Question 15

Asexual spores:

Answer 15

Sporangiospores, and conidiospores formed by mitosis.

Question 16

Sexual spores:

Answer 16

Zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores formed by fusion of nuclei from + and - mating strains followed by meiosis

Question 17

How are fungi classified?

Answer 17

By the type of sexual spore produced

Question 18

3 types of fungi classifications?

Answer 18

• Zygomycota(zygospores)
• Ascomycota(ascopspores)
• Basidiomycota(basidiospores)

Question 19

Most fungi species are produced asexually. True or false?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Mycoses:

Answer 20

Fungal disease

Question 21

Fungi are opportunist:

Answer 21

Usually affect only weakened or immune compromised hosts

Question 22

Fungi are long lasting:

Answer 22

Because it grows slowly

Question 23

Fungal Infections may be:

Answer 23

Superficial
Subcutaneous
Deep

Question 24

Superficial(cutaneous):

Answer 24

Dermatophytes infect skin, hair, nails and scalp(keratinized epithelium).

Question 25

4 Examples of superficial fungal infections:

Answer 25

• ringworm(tinea)
• Microsporum
• Trichophyton
• Epidermophyton

Question 26

Subcutaneous(beneath skin):

Answer 26

• caused by saprophytic fungi from soil and vegetation
• usually introduced by puncture
• more difficult to treat

Question 27

Deep(systemic):

Answer 27

• usually caused by soil fungi that are inhaled and spread from lungs
• May be fatal

Question 28

Zygomycota(conjugation fungi):

Answer 28

• sexual spores are zygospores

- asexual spores are sporangioapores

Question 29

Zygomycota slide representative is Rhizopus nigricans(black bread mold):

Answer 29

-sporangioapores (asexual spores)

Question 30

Ascomycota(sac fungi):

Answer 30

• Sexual spores are ascospores
• asexual spores are conidiospores
• most pathogens are Ascomycetes

Question 31

4 Ascomycota representatives:

Answer 31

• Penicillin
• Aspergilus
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae(bakers yeast)
• Peziza
• Candida albicans

Question 32

Penicillin:

Answer 32

• conidiospores(asexual spores)

- P. notation is source of penicillin

Question 33

Aspergillus:

Answer 33

• Conidiospores(asexual spores)
• common in soil
• Aspergillosis: fungal pneumonia

Question 34

Saccharomyces(bakers yeast):

Answer 34

• Reproduce by budding

- often dimorphic: differ t morphology depending on temperature (unicellular at 37C and filamentous at 25C)

Question 35

Peziza:

Answer 35

Ascospores (sexual spores)

Question 36

Candida albicans:

Answer 36

• Normal flora of vagina and mucous membranes
• cause of candidiasis(yeast infection) - vaginitis and thrush
• usually superficial but may become systemic in immune-compromised patients

Question 37

Basidiomycota(club fungi):

Answer 37

• Sexual spores are basidiospores

- asexual spores are conidiospores

Question 38

Basidomycota representative:

Answer 38

Coprinus (a small mushroom)

Question 39

Coprinus:

Answer 39

Basidiospores (sexual spores) on basidia (the dents on slide)