Fungal infections Flashcards

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1
Q

Hyphae vs pseudohyphae

A

Hyphae happens with filamentous fungus and pseudohyphae with many yeasts

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2
Q

Tinea nigra

A

Tinea nigra is a rare, chronic, asymptomatic, and superficial keratophytosis caused by the dematiaceous fungus Hortae werneckii. This condition in the differential diagnosis of melanoma. The disease occurs more frequently in children and preferably affects the stratum corneum of palms and soles

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3
Q

White piedra

A

White piedra (tinea nodosa / trichosporonosis nodosa / trichomycosis nodularis) is an asymptomatic, superficial fungal infection caused by Trichosporon species. Nodules in white piedra, as the name indicates, are white or beige in colour and relatively softer than those of black piedra, which are black and stone hard. Hair fragility is increased in black piedra, but is not a common feature of white piedra. Nits are easily differentiated from nodules of white piedra as they are always attached at an angle to the hair shaft, do not encase the hair shaft, and are closer to the scalp than nodules of white piedr

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4
Q

Black piedra

A

Piedra is a superficial fungal infection of hair shafts, which presents with small nodules stuck-on to the shaft. Black piedra, caused by Piedraia hortae, is characterized by black-colored nodules and is common in the tropics, especially in individuals with long hair and poor scalp hygiene.

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5
Q

Tinea fascii

A

Tinea faciei is a relatively uncommon superficial dermatophyte infection limited to the glabrous skin of the face. It is usually seen in pediatric patients. This fungus can be found worldwide, but has a predilection for tropical humid climates.

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6
Q

Tinea barbae

A

Tinea barbae is a rare dermatophyte infection affecting the skin, hair, and hair follicles of the beard and mustache. Gruby named the fungus “mentagrophyte,” which means “plant of the chin.” Tinea barbae is also known as tinea sycosis, as one of the clinical manifestations is inflammation of the hair follicles. Tinea barbae in the past was commonly attributed to being transmitted by unsanitary razors used by the barbers. Hence, it was commonly referred to as barber’s itch and beard ringworm.

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7
Q

Tinea capitis

A

Tinea capitis is a common infection of the scalp hair caused by dermatophyte fungi and occurring predominantly in children. Its clinical manifestations range from mild scaling with little hair loss to large inflammatory and pustular plaques with extensive alopecia.

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8
Q

Favus

A

Favus or tinea favosa is a severe and chronic inflammatory dermatophyte infection, due in most cases to Trichophyton schoenleinii. Historically, the term ‘favus’ had been used, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to characterize the honey-like exudate in some scalp infections

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9
Q

Kerion

A

Kerion is an inflammatory type of tinea capitis. Basically a fungal abscess

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10
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch, is an infection involving the genital, pubic, perineal, and perianal skin caused by pathogenic fungi known as dermatophytes.
Unlike tinea cruris, candidal intertrigo frequently affects women, and the rash may involve the scrotum and penis in males. Satellite lesions and erythema without central clearing are indicative of candida as opposed to tinea.

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11
Q

Tinea cruris

A

Tinea cruris, also known as jock itch, is an infection involving the genital, pubic, perineal, and perianal skin caused by pathogenic fungi known as dermatophytes.
Unlike tinea cruris, candidal intertrigo frequently affects women, and the rash may involve the scrotum and penis in males. Satellite lesions and erythema without central clearing are indicative of candida as opposed to tinea.

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12
Q

Tinea pedis mocassin

A
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13
Q

Tinea pedis vesicular

A
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14
Q

Tinea pedis interdigital

A
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15
Q

Tinea manus

A

Sometimes shows like ringworm some other times like palmar dermatitis

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16
Q

Tinea manus

A

Sometimes shows like ringworm some other times like palmar dermatitis

17
Q

Terbinafine in psoriasis

A

Makes it worse

18
Q

Tinea incognito

A

Tinea treated with steroids

19
Q

Perleche

A

Candida is the most common cause of angular cheilitis (AC). AC can be caused by recurrent chemical or mechanical injury, atopic dermatitis or manifestation of systemic diseases such as Sjogren and IBD

20
Q

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica

A

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica (EIB) is a Candida infection affecting the third web space, between the third and fourth fingers.

21
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), also known as chromomycosis, is mainly a tropical or subtropical disease e associated :
(i) traumatic inoculation by implantation from an environmental source
(ii) chronic and progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous tissular involvement associated with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions associated with microabscesses
(iii) a nonprotective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response with ineffective humoral involvement
If not recognized at an early stage, this disease can be refractory to antifungal therapy.

22
Q

Lobomycosis

A

Lobomycosis is a chronic disease caused by Lacazia loboi, which is endemic to the Amazon rainforest, where it affects forest dwellers in Brazil. . Distinguishing clinical features of lobomycosis include slowly progressing keloidal nodules, which may ulcerate or develop a verrucous appearance over time. Other presentations include hypo- or hyperpigmented macules and papules. Lesions may be pruritic or cause a burning sensation, and they can be isolated or disseminated, and are usually localized in the lower limbs, followed by the ears, upper limbs, and head

23
Q

Foscarnet dermatological side effect

A

Genital ulcer

24
Q

Urine in porphyria cutanea tarda

A

UV light makes urine pink or red

25
Q

Bowenoid papulosis

A

Bowenoid papulosis (BP) is an uncommon sexually transmitted disease. T\BP is induced virally by human papillomavirus (HPV) and presents as solitary or multiple skin-colored papules in the anogenital area. Histologically it has a close resemblance to squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen’s disease). Treatment is generally conservative. BP lesions are generally considered benign with a spontaneous regress, although a small number may transform into invasive squamous cell carcinoma.

26
Q

Bushke-Lowenstein tumor

A

GIant condyloma acuminata

27
Q

Tichodysplasia spinulosa

A

Trichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare dermatologic condition characterized by painless erythematous papules on the face with folliculocentric keratin spines. This condition is unique to patients with trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) in the setting of immunosuppression.

28
Q

Merkel cell carcinoma

A

Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare, aggressive form of skin cancer that metastasizes to other parts of the body. This cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour mainly affects older people, with most cases generally occurring over the age of 50 years. Merkel cell polyomavirus has been shown to induce gene mutations resulting in this skin cancer. MCC is clinically seen as a rapidly enlarging, isolated, irregular erythematous nodule typically found on sun-exposed sites. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease although adjuvant radiotherapy is often required. Metastatic disease involves a very poor prognosis, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently shown promise in the treatment of metastatic disease.

29
Q

HTLV-1 infective dermatitis

A

HTLV-1-associated infective dermatitis (HAID) is the main paediatric manifestation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is characterised by a chronic exudative eczematous eruption and persistent infection with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) Classically, there is a chronic exudative eczematous eruption with crusting involving the scalp, paranasal regions, eyelid margins, ears, retroauricular areas, neck, axillae and groin

30
Q

HTLV-1 infective dermatitis

A

HTLV-1-associated infective dermatitis (HAID) is the main paediatric manifestation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is characterised by a chronic exudative eczematous eruption and persistent infection with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) Classically, there is a chronic exudative eczematous eruption with crusting involving the scalp, paranasal regions, eyelid margins, ears, retroauricular areas, neck, axillae and groin

31
Q

HTLV-1 related adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

A

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a distinctive peripheral T- lymphocytic malignancy associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It may closely resemble other skin lymphomas, particularly mycosis fungoides. Pathology shows typical flower cells