Bacterial Flashcards
Blistering distal dactylitis
Blistering distal dactylitis (BDD) is a bacterial infection of the fingers presenting as multiple fluid-filled lesions. This condition is common in children and is localized to the volar fat pad of the distal phalanx of the digits. Topical antibiotics alone are inadequate in most cases. Systemic antibiotics are commonly recommended to avert the development of new lesions and the spread of infection to other sites.
Ecthyma
Ecthyma is characterized by small, purulent, shallow, punched-out ulcers with thick, brown-black crusts and surrounding erythema. Usually caused by strep
Ecthyma gangrenous
Ecthyma gangrenosum (EG) is a cutaneous infection that most commonly occurs in immunocompromised individuals with fulminant Pseudomonas bacteremia.
The lesions of ecthyma gangrenosum begin as painless, round erythematous macules and patches that develop into central pustules with surrounding erythema. A hemorrhagic vesicle appears at the center of the lesion and evolves into a gangrenous ulcer with a black eschar.[1][8] Early lesions may progress to necrotic ulcers in as little as 12 hours.[8] The lesions can be localized and solitary, or widespread.[1]
EG can appear anywhere in the body but most commonly affects the anogenital and axillary areas.
Erythrasma
Erythrasma is a common skin disorder caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum. Erythrasma usually causes infection of the intertriginous parts of the body and causes itching, scaling, and erythema. It is often asymptomatic. Wood’s lamp does help in the diagnosis of erythrasma. Erythrasma responds to topical and oral therapies, but it often reoccurs. Topical therapies include fusidic acid, clindamycin, or erythromycin.
Extensive erythrasma requires oral therapy.
Pitted keratolysis
Pitted Keratolysis is a descriptive title for a superficial bacterial skin infection that affects the soles of the foot, less frequently, the palms confined to the stratum corneum. The etiology is often attributes due to Kytococcus sedentarius and Corynebacterium species bacteria. On examination pitted lesions are noted and pungent odor emanate. Patients should clean and dry the foot and apply Mupirocin ointment
Trycomycosis axillaris
Trichomycosis (trichobacteriosis) axillaris is a superficial bacterial infection of underarm hair. The disease is characterised by yellow, black or red granular nodules or concretions that stick to the hair shaft. It can also affect pubic hair (when it is called trichomycosis pubis), scrotal hair, and intergluteal hair.
The fastest way to get rid of trichomycosis axillaris is to clip the affected hairs or shave the area
Effective topical antibacterial preparations include clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid. Clotrimazole powder is also curative.
Erysipeloid
Erysipeloid is an occupational infection of the skin caused by traumatic penetration of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The disease is characterized clinically by an erythematous oedema, with well-defined and raised borders, usually localized to the back of one hand and/or fingers. Vesicular, bullous and erosive lesions may also be present. The lesion may be asymptomatic or accompanied by mild pruritus, pain and fever. In addition to cutaneous infection, E. rhusiopathiae can cause endocarditis. Treatment is with penicillin or cephalosporin.
Botryomycosis
The most common etiological agent for cutaneous botryomycosis is Staphylococcus aureus. Other pathogens have been associated with botryomycosis. Cutaneous variant of the disease can present as nodules, sinus tracts, abscesses or ulcers with seropurulent discharge. The discharge can sometimes contain bacterial granules.
Rhinoscleroma
Rhinoscleroma is considered a tropical disease and is mostly endemic to North Africa, South Asia and Central America, less common in the United States. The ,agent is identified as Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
The first stage—catarrhal-atrophic—is associated with rhinorrhea, recurrent sinusitis, and typically lasts for weeks to months. The second stage—granulomatous-hypertrophic—is characterized by mass formation with tissue destruction. The third and final stage—the sclerotic phase—is chronic with extensive scarring, fibrosis, and chronic inflammatory cells. Rhinoscleroma can be managed effectively with a combination of antibiotics and surgical debridement and repair; however, recurrence rates do remain high.
Prototypical disease caused by Malassezia. It is characterized by hypo- or hyperpigmented plaques that are covered by fine scales (pityron, Greek for scale), preferentially distributed in the so-called seborrheic areas of the skin surface, such as the back, chest, and neck . The “evoked-scale” sign is the provocation of visible scales by the stretching or scraping of a pityriasis versicolor lesion. UV light will fluoresce reddish or yellowish green.
