Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCD - microbiology > Fungal infection > Flashcards

Fungal infection Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 types of disease caused by fungi?

A
  1. Allergies
  2. Mycotoxicoses
  3. Mycoses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inhalation of/contact with fungal spores may induce a wide range of allergic diseases. Name some of these diseases

A
  • Rhinitis
  • Dermatitis
  • Asthma
  • Allergic broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are mycotoxins? What is mycotoxicosis?

A

MYCOTOXINS = secondary metabolites of moulds that exert toxic effects on animals and humans

MYCOTOXICOSIS = a toxic reaction caused by ingestion or inhalation of a mycotoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the symptoms of mycotoxicosis?

A
  • Breathing problems
  • Dizziness
  • Severe vomiting
  • Diarrhoea
  • Dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aflatoxin is amongst the most carcinogenic natural compound known. What produces aflatoxin?

A

Aspergillus flavus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is mycoses?

A

Disease caused by fungi that is classified based on the level of tissue affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the four types of mycosis?

A
  1. Superficial
  2. Cutaneous
  3. Subcutaneous
  4. Systemic (deep)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are superficial mycoses?

A

Fungal infections of the skin or hair shaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Superficial mycoses invades living tissue

A

FALSE

No living tissue is invaded and there is no cellular response from the host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give 3 examples of superficial mycoses

A
  • Black piedra
  • White piedra
  • Dandruff
  • Tinea nigra
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are cutaneous mycoses?

A

Dermatophytes, or keratinophilic fungi.

Produce extracellular enzymes (keratinases) which are capable of hydrolysing keratin.

Inflammation is caused by host response to metabolic by-products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give 3 examples of dermatomycoses

A
  • Epidermophyton
  • Trychophyton
  • Microsporum
  • Candida albicans
  • Tinea (aka “ringworm”)
    • Tinea capitis (head/neck)
    • Tinea pedis (athletes foot)
    • Tinea corporis (body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are cutaneous mycoses treated?

A

Antifungal creams or orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Chronic, localised infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue following traumatic implantation of the aetiologic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give 3 examples of subcutaneous mycoses

A
  • Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix)
  • Chromoblastomycosis
  • Mycetoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between primary and opportunistic deep/systemic mycoses?

A

PRIMARY = able to establish infection in a normaly healthy host

OPPORTUNISTIC = require a compromised host in order to establish infection

17
Q

Give 3 examples of primary systemic mycoses

A
  • Coccioides immitis
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Blastomyces dermatidis
  • Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
18
Q

Give 3 examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses

A
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Candida
  • Aspergillus
  • Penicillium marneffei
19
Q

What are the three types of candida infection that can occur in the immunocompromised?

A

Superficial

Mucosal

Systemic

20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Healthy people are all colonised by candida

A

TRUE

In the gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tract

21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Systemic candida are found in normal healthy individuals

A

FALSE

22
Q

What are the risk factors for systemic candida infections?

A
  • Chemotherapy
  • Gut-related surgery
  • Catheters
23
Q

What type of patients are susceptible to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)?

A
  • Neutropenic/transplant
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Diabetic
  • Congenital susceptibility
  • Influenza
  • Leukaemia
24
Q

What are the three types of mucosal candida infections that occurs in people with HIV?

A
  • Oropharyngeal
  • Esophagal
  • Vulvovaginal
25
Q

How are fungal infections diagnosed?

A
  • Sample aquisition
    • Skin
    • Sputum
    • Bronchoalveolar lavage
    • Blood
    • Vaginal swab/smear
    • Spinal fluid
    • Tissue biopsy
  • Microscopy
  • Culture
26
Q

What are the 4 targets of front-line clinical antifungal drugs?

A
  • Membrane function
  • Nucleic acid synthesis
  • Cell wall synthesis
  • Membrane ergosterol biosynthesis
27
Q

How do antifungals that target the cell membrane work?

A
  • Fungal cell membranes contain ergosterol instead of cholesterol
  • Some antifungals inhibits ergosterol synthesis
28
Q

How do antifungals that target DNA synthesis work?

A

Pyrimidine analogues are used to interfere with DNA synthesis

29
Q

How do antifungals that target the cell wall work?

A

They inhibit the assembly of fungal cell wall components such as glucans and chitin (which are not found in mammalian cell walls)

30
Q

Name 4 major antifungal classes

A
  • Azoles
  • Pyrimidine analogue
  • Echinocandins
  • Polyenes

MCD - microbiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions