Fungal characteristics

Question 1

Stating the defining characteristics of fungi

8

Answer 1

characteristics of fungi

• eukaryotic; nucleus and organelles bound in membrane
• haploid;1 set of chromosome
• rigid cell walls; rich is gluons, mammoprotiens and chitins, they are non motile
• Morphologically diverse; some are yeasts which are unicellular and reproduce asexually by budding or branching filaments or some can do both which is dimorphic
• heterotrophic-can’t make its own food
• can reproduce asexually or sexually
• grow aerobically
• environment resistant forms, produce spores, conidia and chlamydophores

Question 2

How are chlamydospores manufactured

• fusion of 2 nuclei= teleomorphic
• from a conidiophore- anamorphic fruiting body
• thick walled hyphus

Answer 2

-thick walled hyphus

Question 3

Define mycosis

Answer 3

invasive fungal infection of animals which entrees through skin injures, inhalation of spores and intestinal tract. Usually deep seated infections

Question 4

Define Mycotoxicosis

Answer 4

Mycotoxicosis is from ingestion of feed or water infected with toxic metabolites produced by certain fungi

Question 5

Define mycosis

Answer 5

Mycosis is invasive fungal infection of animals which entrees through skin injures, inhalation of spores and intestinal tract. Usually deep seated infections

Question 6

List the different sites of granulomas for mycosis

4

Answer 6

• superficial- on the surface of the skin
• cutaneous-in the skin
• subcutaneous- in subcutisi, including cutanoues lymphatics
• systemic/ deep- in body lesions can be localised or disseminated (in multiple site)

Question 7

What is a Mannoprotein

Answer 7

Mannoproteins; is a protein with B-1,6-glucan or B-1,3-glucan which helps with adherence of fungi to surface and cell wall porosity (pores)

Question 8

What is the function of Chitin

Answer 8

function of Chitin 
impacts rigidity on cell wall found in fungi and exoskeleton of insects

Question 9

What is the benefit of melanin for fungi

Answer 9

benefit of melanin for fungi
assits in environmental survival, resists high temp and ionising radiation, protections against drugs, resistance to killing after phagocytosis

Question 10

What is the importance of hyphae and where is it found

Answer 10

Hyphae importance
multinucleate structure present in multicellular fungi and oomycetes, used to anchor fungus to their substrate and proved nutrition to the entire fungus
the tip of the hypes is unusually anchored in the substrate and will produce an enzyme that breakdowns the substrate into simple nutrients

Question 11

Define a yeast and mould, what is dimorphic and list the factors which cause yeasts to become moulds and vice versa

Answer 11

Yeast is defined as a microscopic unicellular fungus, divides by budding
mould is multicellular fungus
many are dimorphic (they shift bw mould and yeast).
change ph from acid->alkaline = yeast->mould
higher body temp cover from mould, in cool climates= yeast