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biochemistry > fundaments of nutrition > Flashcards

fundaments of nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

define amino acids

A

nitrogen-containing carboxylic acids

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2
Q

what is acetyl CoA produced from

A

pyruvate

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3
Q

what are glucose and fructose classified as

A

monosaccharides

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4
Q

define lipid

A

water insoluble biomolecules that are highly soluble in organic solvents

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5
Q

what is lipase enzyme critical for

A

lipid digestion

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6
Q

where are fatty acids oxidized

A

mitochondria

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7
Q

what does lingual lipase’s do

A

digests short and medium-chain fatty acids

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8
Q

what does gastric lipase do

A

digests short and medium-chain fatty acids

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9
Q

what does pancreatic lipase with collapse do

A

digests triacylglyerol

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10
Q

what does phospholipase do

A

digests phospholipids

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11
Q

what does cholesterol esterase do

A

digests cholesterol esters

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12
Q

what are the lipid soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

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13
Q

what is the functional form of vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

A

NAD+ and NADP+

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14
Q

what is the functional form of folate

A

THF

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15
Q

what can a deficiency of vitamin C lead to

A

scurvy

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16
Q

what can a deficiency of thiamin lead to

A

beriberi

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17
Q

what does a deficiency of riboflavin lead to

A

ariboflavinosis

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18
Q

what does a deficiency of niacin lead to

A

pellagra

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19
Q

what does a deficiency in vitamin B6 lead to

A

seborrheic dermatitis; microcytic anemia

20
Q

what does a deficiency in folate lead to

A

impaired cell division and growth

21
Q

what does a deficiency in vitamin B12 lead to

A

megaloblastic anemia

22
Q

what does a deficiency in biotin lead to

A

conjunctivitis

23
Q

what is the active form of calciferol

A

calcitriol

24
Q

what are examples of electrolytes

A

sodium. potassium, chloride

25
Q

what are examples of minerals

A

Ca++

phosphorus, magnesium, iron, sulfur

26
Q

what are examples of trace minerals

A

iodine, selenium, copper, zinc

27
Q

what are examples of ultra trace or trace minerals

A

manganese, fluoride, chromium, molybdenum

28
Q

what are the copper enzymes

A 
cytochrome c oxidase
ferroxidase
superoxide dismutase
lysyl oxidase
tyrosinase
29
Q

what does cytochrome c oxidase

A

accepts electrons from cytochrome-c in the electron transport chain

30
Q

what does ferroxidase do

A

oxidizes ferrous iron into the less absorbable ferric iron

31
Q

what does superoxide dismutase do

A

binds the free radical of molecular oxygen

32
Q

what does lysyl oxidase do

A

cross-links collagen and elastic tissue during wound healing

33
Q

what does tyrosinase do

A

synthesizes melanin

34
Q

what do heme proteins do

A

require Fe2+ and to bind O2

35
Q

what do cytochromes do

A

function in the electron transport chain

36
Q

what does catalyses and peroxidases do

A

metabolize hydrogen peroxide

37
Q

what does ATPase do

A

hydrolyze ATP to ADP and use the released energy to do mechanical work

38
Q

what does adenylate cycles do

A

converts ATP to cyclic AMP

39
Q

what does kinase do

A

transfers phosphate groups to target molecules

40
Q

what does glutathione peroxidase

A

detoxifies hydrogen peroxide

41
Q

what does superoxide dismutase do

A

binds the free radical of molecular oxygen

42
Q

what does collagenase do

A

replaces type III collagen with the stronger Type I collagen during wound healing

43
Q

what does alcohol dehydrogenase do

A

converts alcohol to acetaldehyde

44
Q

what does alkaline phosphatase do

A

mineralizes bone salts

45
Q

what does carbonic anhydrase do

A

interconverts CO2 and bicarbonate to balance blood pH

46
Q

define basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

energy required to maintain life

biochemistry (6 decks)

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