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biochemistry > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

what is starch

A

nutritional reservoir of CH of plants; polysaccharide of glucose

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2
Q

what is the unbranched and branched forms of starch

A

unbranched: amylose

branched; amylopectin

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3
Q

what is sucrose

A

natural sweetener and found in fruits and veggies

disaccharide of glucose and fructose

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4
Q

what is lactose

A

major dietary carb of animal origin

disaccharide of glucose and galactose

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5
Q

what three components help identify a monosaccharide

A

carbon number
functional group
stereoisomer form

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6
Q

what is phosphatidylserine important for

A

memory and cognition

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7
Q

what is phosphatidylcholine important for

A

major constituent of cell membrane and pulmonary surfactant

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8
Q

where is phosphatidylethanolamine found

A

nervous system (white matter of brain

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9
Q

what is phosphatidylinositol important for

A

signalling and other functional activities in eukaryotic cell

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10
Q

what is phosphatidyl important for

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

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11
Q

what is phospholipid a derivative of

A

sphingosine

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12
Q

how is the amino group of a sphingosine backbone linked to a fatty acid

A

amide bond

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13
Q

how are the sugar residues oriented in glycolipids

A

on extracellular side of membrane

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14
Q

what is the simplest glycolipid

A

cerebroside

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15
Q

define diastereomers

A

epimers that differ in configuration of only one stereogenic (chiral) center

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16
Q

what form are most sugars in

A

D-series

17
Q

define constitutional isomers

A

differ in the order of attachment of atoms

18
Q

define stereoisomers

A

order the same, but the spatial arrangement differs

19
Q

define anomer

A

the cyclic monosaccharides or glycosides that are epimers

20
Q

how are monosaccharides joined to alcohols and amines

A

glycosidic bonds

21
Q

what is deoxyaldose

A

major component of DNA

22
Q

what are acetylated amino sugars

A

components of glycoproteins and glycolipids

23
Q

what are acidic sugars

A

glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, present in cell membrane and in the extracellular matrix

24
Q

what do sugar esters do

A

constitute the gangliosides in oligodendrocyte of the nervous system

25
Q

how are the glucose residues of starch amylose linked

A

alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds

26
Q

how are the glucose residues in cellulose linked

A

beta-1,4-linkages, allowing to form a very long and straight chains

27
Q

what structure does cellulose prefer and why

A

bent structures because they are more suitable for storage

28
Q

what are proteoglycans composed of

A

glycoaminoglycans and proteins

biochemistry (6 decks)

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