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biochemistry > biochem test 3 > Flashcards

biochem test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the prosthetic group, enzyme and reaction at E1

A

enzyme: pyruvate dehydrogenase component
prosthetic group: TPP
reaction: oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate

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2
Q

what is the enzyme, prosthetic group and reaction at E2

A

enzyme: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
prosthetic group: Lipoamide
reaction: Transfer of acetyl group to CoA

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3
Q

what is the enzyme, prosthetic group and reaction at E3

A

enzyme: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
prosthetic group: FAD
reaction: regeration of the oxidized form of lipoamide

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4
Q

what is the prosthetic group for NADH-Q oxidoreductase

A

FMN

Fe-S

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5
Q

what is the prosthetic group for succinate-Q reductase

A

FAD

Fe-S

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6
Q

what is the prosthetic group for Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase

A

Heme Bh
Heme Bl
Heme C1
Fe-S

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7
Q

what is the prosthetic group for Cytochrome c oxidase

A

Heme a
heme a3
Cu(a) and Cu(b)

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8
Q

what is the fully reduced form of ubiquinone

A

ubiquinol

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9
Q

what is the simplest iron sulfur cluster

A

single iron ion tetrahedrally coordinated to SH groups of 4 Cys residues of the protein

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10
Q

describe 2Fe-2S

A

2 iron ions, 2 inorganic sulfides and 4 Cys residues

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11
Q

describe 4Fe-4s

A

4 iron ions, 2 inorganic sulfides and 4 cys residues

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12
Q

what does frataxin do

A

synthesizes iron clusters

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13
Q

what are some antioxidants in ETC

A

superoxide dismutase and catalase

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14
Q

what are the 5 types of polypeptide chains in the F1 subunit of ATP synthase

A

alpha3, beta3, gamma, delta epsilon

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15
Q

what part of the F1 subunit of ATP synthase is catalytically active

A

beta

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16
Q

what breaks the symmetry of the 3 beta subunits in F1 subunit

A

gamma subunit

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17
Q

what are the components of the exterior column of ATP synthase

A

1 a subunit, 2 b subunits, and delta subunit

18
Q

what is the role of the proton gradient in ATP synthase

A

to release to ATP from the synthase

19
Q

what conformation is favored in ATP synthase for the binding of ADP and Pi

A

L conformation

20
Q

what conformation is favored in ATP synthase for ATP synthesis

A

T conformation

21
Q

what conformation is favored for the release of ATP in ATP synthase

A

O conformation

22
Q

what residue lines in the center of the ATP synthase membrane in order to hold protons in place

A

aspartic acid

23
Q

define emulsification

A

suspension into small particles in the aqueous environment

24
Q

what is the contract of the gall bladder to release bile salts and other pancreatic enzymes stimulated by

A

cholecystokinin

25
Q

what is secretin

A

hormone released in response to acidic material and is important for regulating pH

26
Q

when pancreatic lipase digests FA, what does it form

A

FA and 2-monoacylglycerol

27
Q

what does esterase do

A

removes FA from cholesterol esters

28
Q

what does ApoE do

A

recognized by receptors on surface of liver cells allowing endocytosis

29
Q

what does ApoCII do

A

activates lipoprotein lipase present on capillary endothelial cells in muscle and adipose tissue which digests chylomicrons

30
Q

what amino acid is sphingosine derived from

A

serine

31
Q

what amino acid is histamine derived from

A

histidine

32
Q

what amino acid is thyroxine derived from

A

tyrosine

33
Q

what amino acid is epinephrine derived from

A

tyrosine

34
Q

what amino acid is serotonin derived from

A

tryptophan

35
Q

what amino acid is nicotinamide unit of NAD+ derived from

A

tryptophan

36
Q

what is nitric oxide generated from

A

arginine

37
Q

what additional compound is needed for the conversion of arginine to N-w-hydroxyarginine

A

BH4 (enzyme is nitric oxide synthase)

38
Q

what major things does glucose 6 phosphate give rise to

A

glycogen
pyruvate
ribose-5-phosphate

39
Q

what major things does pyruvate give rise to

A

acetyl CoA
lactate
alanine
OA

40
Q

what major things does acetyl-CoA give rise to

A

CO2
fatty acids
ketone bodies

biochemistry (6 decks)

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