Fundamentos de la Vida 1ER PARCIAL

Question 1

It explains how eukaryotic cells were created, anyhow some organelles like mitochondria.

Answer 1

Endosymbiosis

Question 2

Life was originated outside our planet and some molecules hit the earth and from those molecules life was started

Answer 2

Panspermia

Question 3

Name 3 theories of origins of life:

Answer 3

• Big Bang Theory
• Preformationism
• Spontaneous generation

Question 4

Difference between growth and development:

Answer 4

Growth is increasing on size and number of cells and development is the changes from conception to death.

Question 5

The independent variable is also known as:

Answer 5

Experimental variable

Question 6

How many characteristics do living things share?

Answer 6

7

Question 7

Order of organization of LIVING thing:

Answer 7

atom-molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism-population-community-ecosystem-biosphere.

Question 8

Which organelle is in charge of photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Chloroplast

Question 9

Organelle in charge of cellular respiration:

Answer 9

Mitochondria

Question 10

Inside the cell, which organelle is in charge of digesting wastes?

Answer 10

Lysosomes

Question 11

In which organelle do protein synthesis takes place?

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

Site of photosynthesis

Answer 12

Chloroplast

Question 13

2 subunits, protein synthesis

Answer 13

Ribosomes

Question 14

Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids.

Answer 14

Golgi Apparatus

Question 15

Surrounds the cell, semipermeability

Answer 15

Plasma membrane

Question 16

Helps cell movement

Answer 16

Cilia and Flagella

Question 17

Helps cilia and flagella, cell division

Answer 17

Centrioles

Question 18

What is the scientific method?

Answer 18

Is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions.

Question 19

Steps of the scientific method

Answer 19

Observation
Problem
Hypothesis
Experiment
Data
Conclusion

Question 20

Gathering information as well as studying previous data.

Answer 20

Observation

Question 21

should be a question asking how one variable affects another.

Answer 21

Problem

Question 22

Is a testable statement that tells how you believe one variable will affect another.

Answer 22

Hypothesis

Question 23

What is the format to write a hypothesis?

Answer 23

If…then

Question 24

Any factor that can exist in different amounts or types

Answer 24

Variable

Question 25

What us another name for the dependent variable?

Answer 25

Response variable

Question 26

Testing your hypothesis

Answer 26

Experiment

Question 27

Results of the experiment

Answer 27

Data

Question 28

States wether the results of the experiment support or reject the hypothesis

Answer 28

Conclusion

Question 29

What states the cell theory?

Answer 29

States that all living things are made of cells, that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell, and that the cell is the smallest unit of life.

Question 30

What's a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 30

A cell without nucleus.

Question 31

2 aspects of the biological evolution:

Answer 31

Descendant | Adaptation

Question 32

There was matter with high density that in a certain moment, exploded and it was expanded in all directions.

Answer 32

Big Bang Theory

Question 33

Characteristic of the living things:

Answer 33

- They are organized - They acquire materials and energy. - They are homeostatic. - They respond to stimuli. - They reproduce. - They grow and develop. - They adapt and evolve.

Question 34

Was a Dutch scientist that created the microscope, and he discovered the cells through it.

Answer 34

Antoine Philips Van Leeuwenhoek.

Question 35

Schleiden

Answer 35

plants are made of cells.

Question 36

Schwann

Answer 36

animals are made of cells.

Question 37

Virchow

Answer 37

new cells were made from pre-existing cells.

Question 38

Controls what pass and what not

Answer 38

Cytoplasm

Question 39

Stores DNA

Answer 39

Nucleus

Question 40

Processing and modification of PROTEINS

Answer 40

RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 41

Synthesizing PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

Answer 41

SER, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 42

They store substances such as water, pigments, and toxins.

Answer 42

Vacuoles.

Question 43

Assembles and dissembles as needed and maintains cell shape.

Answer 43

Cytoskeleton.

Question 44

Name the characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows only certain things inside and outside of the cell:

Answer 44

Semipermeability

Question 45

The regulation of the entrance and exit of molecules helps the cell and the organism maintain a steady internal environment, a process called:

Answer 45

Homeostasis

Question 46

Name the type of energy active transport uses:

Answer 46

ATP

Question 47

Movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration.

Answer 47

Passive transport

Question 48

The plasma membrane is made up mainly of

Answer 48

2 layers of phospholipids.

Question 49

Type of transport to the cell, that does not require energy and it is driven completely by the concentration gradient:

Answer 49

Diffusion

Question 50

A cell expels a vesicles content to the extracellular fluid (outside of the cell):

Answer 50

exocytosis

Question 51

A solution contains:

Answer 51

A solute (solid) and a solvent (water).

Question 52

Osmotic pressure or tension of the solution:

Answer 52

Tonicity

Question 53

Two fluids (separated by a membrane) that have the same overall concentration of solutes.

Answer 53

Isotonic

Question 54

If the fluids have different concentration of solutes, the one with the lower concentration is called:

Answer 54

hypotonic

Question 55

The one with the highest concentration of solutes is called:

Answer 55

hypertonic

Question 56

The main difference between active and passive transport, is that active transport requires:

Answer 56

Energy

Question 57

A transport protein pumps a solute across a cell membrane agains its concentration gradient:

Answer 57

Active transport

Question 58

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane:

Answer 58

Osmosis

Question 59

Passive transport of a substance along the concentration gradient, it requires a carrier protein.

Answer 59

Facilitated Transport

Question 60

Types of proteins according to their function, which are located in the plasma membrane:

Answer 60

Channel, carrier and receptor proteins.

Question 61

Movement of molecules at the same time, one molecule drives the other one across a transport protein.

Answer 61

Contrasport

Question 62

When the material taken by the endocytosis is large, such as food particle or another cell, the process is called:

Answer 62

Phagocytosis

Question 63

Explain what concentration gradient is:

Answer 63

When concentration goes from high to low.

Question 64

PLANT ORGANELLES CELL:

Answer 64

Chloroplasts | Cell wall

Question 65

Virus

Answer 65

non living

Question 66

Fungi

Answer 66

Living

Question 67

Bacteria

Answer 67

Living

Question 68

Was the first cell

Answer 68

The Protocell

Question 69

Was the first reproduction of the cell and is prokaryotic

Answer 69

The Truecell

Question 70

Vesicles form a way to transport molecules INTO a cell:

Answer 70

Endocytosis

Question 71

When the material taken by the endocytosis is small, such as liquids and particles dissolved in it, the process is called:

Answer 71

Pinocytosis

Question 72

A type of pinocytosis that involves a coated pit

Answer 72

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis.