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PREPA > Fundamentos de la Vida 1ER PARCIAL > Flashcards

Fundamentos de la Vida 1ER PARCIAL Flashcards

1
Q

It explains how eukaryotic cells were created, anyhow some organelles like mitochondria.

A

Endosymbiosis

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2
Q

Life was originated outside our planet and some molecules hit the earth and from those molecules life was started

A

Panspermia

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3
Q

Name 3 theories of origins of life:

A
  • Big Bang Theory
  • Preformationism
  • Spontaneous generation
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4
Q

Difference between growth and development:

A

Growth is increasing on size and number of cells and development is the changes from conception to death.

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5
Q

The independent variable is also known as:

A

Experimental variable

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6
Q

How many characteristics do living things share?

A

7

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7
Q

Order of organization of LIVING thing:

A

atom-molecule-cell-tissue-organ-organ system-organism-population-community-ecosystem-biosphere.

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8
Q

Which organelle is in charge of photosynthesis?

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

Organelle in charge of cellular respiration:

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

Inside the cell, which organelle is in charge of digesting wastes?

A

Lysosomes

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11
Q

In which organelle do protein synthesis takes place?

A

Ribosome

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12
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

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13
Q

2 subunits, protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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14
Q

Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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15
Q

Surrounds the cell, semipermeability

A

Plasma membrane

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16
Q

Helps cell movement

A

Cilia and Flagella

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17
Q

Helps cilia and flagella, cell division

A

Centrioles

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18
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations and answer questions.

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19
Q

Steps of the scientific method

A 
Observation
Problem
Hypothesis
Experiment
Data
Conclusion
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20
Q

Gathering information as well as studying previous data.

A

Observation

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21
Q

should be a question asking how one variable affects another.

A

Problem

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22
Q

Is a testable statement that tells how you believe one variable will affect another.

A

Hypothesis

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23
Q

What is the format to write a hypothesis?

A

If…then

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24
Q

Any factor that can exist in different amounts or types

A

Variable

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25
Q

What us another name for the dependent variable?

A

Response variable

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26
Q

Testing your hypothesis

A

Experiment

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27
Q

Results of the experiment

A

Data

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28
Q

States wether the results of the experiment support or reject the hypothesis

A

Conclusion

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29
Q

What states the cell theory?

A

States that all living things are made of cells, that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell, and that the cell is the smallest unit of life.

30
Q

What’s a prokaryotic cell?

A

A cell without nucleus.

31
Q

2 aspects of the biological evolution:

A

Descendant

Adaptation

32
Q

There was matter with high density that in a certain moment, exploded and it was expanded in all directions.

A

Big Bang Theory

33
Q

Characteristic of the living things:

A
  • They are organized
  • They acquire materials and energy.
  • They are homeostatic.
  • They respond to stimuli.
  • They reproduce.
  • They grow and develop.
  • They adapt and evolve.
34
Q

Was a Dutch scientist that created the microscope, and he discovered the cells through it.

A

Antoine Philips Van Leeuwenhoek.

35
Q

Schleiden

A

plants are made of cells.

36
Q

Schwann

A

animals are made of cells.

37
Q

Virchow

A

new cells were made from pre-existing cells.

38
Q

Controls what pass and what not

A

Cytoplasm

39
Q

Stores DNA

A

Nucleus

40
Q

Processing and modification of PROTEINS

A

RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum.

41
Q

Synthesizing PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

A

SER, Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

42
Q

They store substances such as water, pigments, and toxins.

A

Vacuoles.

43
Q

Assembles and dissembles as needed and maintains cell shape.

A

Cytoskeleton.

44
Q

Name the characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows only certain things inside and outside of the cell:

A

Semipermeability

45
Q

The regulation of the entrance and exit of molecules helps the cell and the organism maintain a steady internal environment, a process called:

A

Homeostasis

46
Q

Name the type of energy active transport uses:

A

ATP

47
Q

Movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration.

A

Passive transport

48
Q

The plasma membrane is made up mainly of

A

2 layers of phospholipids.

49
Q

Type of transport to the cell, that does not require energy and it is driven completely by the concentration gradient:

A

Diffusion

50
Q

A cell expels a vesicles content to the extracellular fluid (outside of the cell):

A

exocytosis

51
Q

A solution contains:

A

A solute (solid) and a solvent (water).

52
Q

Osmotic pressure or tension of the solution:

A

Tonicity

53
Q

Two fluids (separated by a membrane) that have the same overall concentration of solutes.

A

Isotonic

54
Q

If the fluids have different concentration of solutes, the one with the lower concentration is called:

A

hypotonic

55
Q

The one with the highest concentration of solutes is called:

A

hypertonic

56
Q

The main difference between active and passive transport, is that active transport requires:

A

Energy

57
Q

A transport protein pumps a solute across a cell membrane agains its concentration gradient:

A

Active transport

58
Q

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane:

A

Osmosis

59
Q

Passive transport of a substance along the concentration gradient, it requires a carrier protein.

A

Facilitated Transport

60
Q

Types of proteins according to their function, which are located in the plasma membrane:

A

Channel, carrier and receptor proteins.

61
Q

Movement of molecules at the same time, one molecule drives the other one across a transport protein.

A

Contrasport

62
Q

When the material taken by the endocytosis is large, such as food particle or another cell, the process is called:

A

Phagocytosis

63
Q

Explain what concentration gradient is:

A

When concentration goes from high to low.

64
Q

PLANT ORGANELLES CELL:

A

Chloroplasts

Cell wall

65
Q

Virus

A

non living

66
Q

Fungi

A

Living

67
Q

Bacteria

A

Living

68
Q

Was the first cell

A

The Protocell

69
Q

Was the first reproduction of the cell and is prokaryotic

A

The Truecell

70
Q

Vesicles form a way to transport molecules INTO a cell:

A

Endocytosis

71
Q

When the material taken by the endocytosis is small, such as liquids and particles dissolved in it, the process is called:

A

Pinocytosis

72
Q

A type of pinocytosis that involves a coated pit

A

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis.

PREPA (3 decks)

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