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english language alevel > fundamentals of language > Flashcards

fundamentals of language Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

what is lexis

A

the study of what words have been chosen and their meaning

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2
Q

pragmatics

A

how meanings change in different situations

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3
Q

nouns

A

naming words: name, object, person, etc.

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4
Q

proper / concrete nouns

A

names for people, place or things

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5
Q

concrete/ common nouns

A

things you can touch, see or measure

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6
Q

abstract nouns

A

things you can’t touch or see, they are feelings

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7
Q

collective noun

A

a word that describes a specific group of nous

eg pack of wolves

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8
Q

noun phrase

A

group of words that tell us more about a noun

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9
Q

adjectives

A

describes nouns

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10
Q

adjectival pre modification

A

adjectives that describe a noun and are placed in front of it

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11
Q

adjectival post modification

A

adjectives that describes a noun that is placed after a noun

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12
Q

comparative adjective

A

adding suffix ‘er’

eg prettier

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13
Q

superlative adjective

A

adding suffix ‘est’

eg prettiest

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14
Q

comparative adjective (way 2)

A

adding ‘more’ / ‘less’
eg less interesting than …
more interesting that …

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15
Q

superlative adjective

A

adding ‘most’ / ‘least’

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16
Q

descriptive adjective

A

tell us factual things about a noun

eg a RED car

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17
Q

evaluative adjective

A

gives an opinion about a noun

eg a GRIM meal

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18
Q

verbs

A

doing words / actions / states og being

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19
Q

stative verbs

A

refer to state of mind or condition

eg love, seem ,am ,is

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20
Q

dynamic verbs

A

describe actions we can take

eg eat, drink, run

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21
Q

modal verbs

A

auxillary verb is used to express properties

eg possibility, obligation, ability, permission

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22
Q

simple past, present and future tense

A

verbs carry tense
eg jumps => simple present
jumped => simple past
will jump => simple future

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23
Q

continuous past, present and future tense

A

eg is jumping => continuous present
was jumping => continuous past
will be jumping => continuous future

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24
Q

regular verbs

A

form past tense by adding suffix ‘ed’

eg to laugh, to talk

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25
Q

irregular verbs

A

unpredictable past tense

eg to sing => sang

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26
Q

auxillary verbs

A

helping verb

eg i MIGHT eat this

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27
Q

primary auxillary verb

A

creating tense and different tenses

TO DO => (do, does, did)
TO HAVE => (have, has, had)
TO BE => (am, is, was, were)

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28
Q

modal auxillary verbs

A

indicates possibility, obligation etc

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29
Q

imperative verb

A

command or instruction

30
Q

register

A

level of formality of a text

can be high, low, mixed or colloquial

31
Q

pronouns

A

replace nouns or noun phrases

eg it, she, her, he

32
Q

subject and object pronouns

A

personal pronouns change depending on whether they are the subject or object in the sentence

33
Q

demonstrative pronouns

A

pronouns that refer to specific things

eg this, that, those

34
Q

reflexive pronouns

A

used as a direct object when the object is the same as the subject of the verb

eg myself, himself, themself

35
Q

possessive pronoun

A

indicates possession

eg his, hers, mine, ours

36
Q

interrogative pronouns

A

appear at the beginning of questions

eg who what where when why

37
Q

indefinite pronouns

A

not a definite reference

eg each, few, some, many, someone

38
Q

simile

A

when things are compared to one another using ‘as’ or ‘like’

39
Q

metaphore

A

when things are compared to one another without ‘as’ or ‘like’

40
Q

idiom

A

used to convey complex emotional states

41
Q

collocations

A

an expression the relies on that common association of words

42
Q

adverbs

A

describe verbs and tell us more about the verb

43
Q

adverbs of mannor

A

answers ‘how’ the verb was done

eg he sang SWEETLY, LOUDLY

44
Q

adverb of time

A

answers ‘when’ the verb was done

eg he sang YESTERDAY, TODAY, A WHILE AGO

45
Q

adverb of frequency

A

answers ‘how often’ a verb was done

eg he sang OFTEN, REGULARLY, NEVER, ALWAYS

46
Q

adverb of possibility

A

answers ‘how likely’ a verb was done

eg he will MAYBE, DEFINITELY, PROBABLY sing

47
Q

adverb of degree

A

answers ‘to what extent’ was the verb

eg it was REALLY good, TOTALLY rubbish

48
Q

determiner

A

comes before a noun, they describe who the nouns belong to

49
Q

prepositions

A

the position of something

eg on, beside, under

50
Q

simple sentence

A

contains a single idea, a verb and a participant
minimum of : subject => person/ object /place
& verb => action / activity

51
Q

minor sentence

A

not actual sentences

eg social phrases, interjections, exclamations, abbreviations

52
Q

simple sentences (subject verb object)

A

verb is happening to the object
noun or pronoun does the action
noun or pronoun that receives that action of the verb

53
Q

simple sentence (subject verb compliment)

A

like an object but doesn’t receive the action of the verb
it receives the subject
verbs that take compliments : coptula verbs

54
Q

simple sentance (subject verb adverbial)

A

adverbial => adverb or group of verbs that tells where / when / why / how the verb happened

55
Q

clauses

A

2 sentences hooked together using ‘and’

56
Q

conjunctions

A

words which stitch 2 clauses together

eg so and because as while also when ets

57
Q

co-ordinating conjunction

A

indicates equality between clauses

FANBOYS => for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

58
Q

compound sentences

A

contain 2 independent clauses conjoined by a co-ordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)

59
Q

complex sentence

A

sentences that combines an independent clause and a dependent clause with a subordinating comjunction

60
Q

subordinating conjunction rule

A

subordinating conjunctions are inseparable from dependent clauses

61
Q

active

A

act of doing

62
Q

passive

A

having something done to you

63
Q

active voice

A

verb is carried out BY the subject and can take a direct object - verb done to object

64
Q

passive voice

A

verb is done to the subject. the agent is indicated by prepositions.

65
Q

singular first person pronouns

A

talking about yourself

i me mine myself

66
Q

singular 2nd person pronoun

A

talking to someone

you yours yourself

67
Q

singular third person pronoun

A

talking about someone else

he his hers her herself

68
Q

plural first person pronoun

A

talking about yourself + others

we us ours ourselves

69
Q

plural second person pronoun

A

talking to others

you yours yourself

70
Q

plural third person pronoun

A

talking about others

english language alevel (6 decks)

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