Fundamentals Of Flight Flashcards
What is motion?
Act or process of changing place or position
Define acceleration
Change of speed over time
Define speed
Distance measured over time
Describe velocity
Quickness or speed of an object in given time or direction or
Describe force pertaining to motion
Something that causes a change in motion
Describe inertia pertaining to motion
Willingness of an object to remain at rest
Describe acceleration pertaining to motion
Rate of change of the speed and or velocity of matter with time
What is newton’s first law?
(inertia) An object will remain at rest, or an object in motion will continue in motion at the same speed and in the same direction, until acted upon by an outside force.
What is newton’s second law?
(Force) if an object moving with uniform speed is acted upon by an external force, the change of motion, or acceleration, will be directly proportional to the amount of force and inversely proportional to the mass of the object being moved
What is newton’s third law?
(Action and reaction) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Explain Bernoulli’s principle
When a fluid flowing through a tube reaches a constriction or narrowing of the tube, the speed of the fluid passing through the constriction is increased and it’s pressure decreased.
Define lift
The force that acts, in an upward direction, to support the aircraft in the air
Define weight
The force of gravity acting downward on the aircraft
Define drag
The force that tends to hold the aircraft back
Thrust
The force developed by an aircraft’s engine, it acts in the forward direction
List the axis of the aircraft
1) Longitudinal axis- imaginary reference line running down the center of the aircraft (nose and tail)
2) lateral axis- imaginary reference line running parallel to the wings
3) vertical axis- imaginary reference line running from the top to the bottom of the aircraft
Ailerons control what axis?
Longitudinal axis (roll)
Elevators control what axis?
Lateral (pitch)
Rudders control what axis?
Vertical axis (yaw)
What does the cyclic stick do?
Tilts the plane forward,aft or sideways, giving the helicopter its directional motion by changing the direction of the lift
What does the tail rotor do in a helicopter?
This components counteracts torque of the main rotor by increasing or decreasing the amount of horizontal tail rotor produces
What does a flap do?
Creates lift by lengthening the top section of the wing resulting in maximum lift to reduce takeoff runs and landing rollout
What does a spoiler do?
Decreases or spoils wing lift by destroying the smooth flow of air over the wing surfaces, creates a more predictable glideslope
What are speed braked used for?
They are used for reducing the speed of aircraft
What are slats?
Movable control surfaced attached to the leading edge of the wing
Define the term collective in reference to flight terms
Lift is accomplished by rotating the blades through the air at a high rate of speed. Lift can be changed by collectively increasing the angle of attack or pitch of the rotor blades.
Define AOA
Angle of attack. Angle at which the airfoil or fuselage meets flow of air
Define autorotation
Method of allowing a helicopter to land safely from altitude without using engine power
Explain the basic components of an aircraft hydraulic system
- reservoir to hold a supply of hydraulic fluid
- pump to provide a flow of fluid
- tubing to transmit the fluid
- selector valve to direct the flow of fluid
- actuating unit to convert the fluid pressure into useful work
What are the components of the landing gear?
- shock strut assembly
- wheel brake assembly
- retracting and extending mechanism
- side struts and supports
What are the safety precautions used when servicing aircraft tires
- Always approach the tires from fore and aft.
- when inflating stand off to the side
- deflate when removing from aircraft
What does a turbojet do?
Projects a column of air to the rear at extremely high velocity
What does a turboshaft do?
Delivers power through a shaft to drive something other than a propeller
What does a turboprop do?
Converts the majority of the gas-energy into mechanical power to drive a propeller
What does a turbo fan do?
Propeller is replaced by a duct enclosed axial-flow fan
What is nato code for JP-4, what are it’s characteristics?
F-40, not used on ships, lower EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature), slower acceleration and lower engine RPM
What is the nato code for JP5? What are its characteristics?
F-44, the only fuel approved for use aboard naval vessels. navy’s primary jet fuel
What is the nato code for JP8? What are it’s characteristics?
F-34, flame spread rate of 100 ft per min
What are the three hazards associated with jet fuel?
1) explosion from fuel fumes
2) vapor inhalation
3) toxic contact with skin
What are the safety precautions for applying and removing external power
1) ensure circuit breakers and switches are positioned as specified in the MIMS
2) inspect power cabled and cable assembly plugs for pin internal corrosion and damage or missing insulator washer or sleeves
3) ensure power is secured prior to application and removal
4) if using a mobile power unit ensure it is chocked and facing away from aircraft
Discuss icings and its effects on the aircraft
Ice on the airframe decreases lift and increases drag, weight and stalling speed
What is the purpose of the pitot-static system
To indicate altitude, airspeed and rate of climb
What does the airspeed indicator do?
Indicates speed of the aircraft in relation to the air in which it’s flying
What do the altimeters do?
Show hight of aircraft above sea level
What is the rate of climb?
Rate at which aircraft is climbing or descending
What does the attitude indicator do?
Shows the pilot relative position of aircraft’s position compared to the earth’s horizon
What does the turn and bank indicator show?
Shows correct execution of a turn and bank
What is the purpose of navigation systems?
To direct the pilot and control the course or position of aircraft
What does IFFF/SIF do?
Allows a friendly craft to identify itself automatically before approaching near enough to threaten the security of other naval units
What does a RADAR do?
Detects objects at distances much greater than is visually possible
what is the magnetic standby compass?
It is a direct reading magnetic compass mounted in the instrument panel
What do communication systems do?
They are direction finders to complex navigational systems
