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Random RTBC Notes > Fundamentals of digital radiography > Flashcards

Fundamentals of digital radiography Flashcards

1
Q

CR imaging plate layers

A 
Protective
Phosphor
Conductor
Support
Light Shield
Protective backing
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2
Q

Protective layer

A

protects the phosphor layer

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3
Q

Conductor layer

A

grounds imaging plate from electro-static charge

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4
Q

light shield layer/backing layer

A

prevent unwanted light and background radiation from affecting unexposed latent image

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5
Q

Phosphor layer

A
  • made of bromides (85% barium flourohalides, 15% europium iodides)
  • store and release energy to create latent image
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6
Q

CR digitizer

A

device used to convert CR latent image into digital radiograph

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7
Q

components of CR digitizer

A

laser - splitter - focusing lens - mirror - photo-multiplier tube - analog to digital converter

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8
Q

laser

A

helium-neon laser interacts with phosphors on imaging plate, releasing light photons

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9
Q

photo-multiplier tube

A

collects photons, sending to ADC

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10
Q

analog to digital converter

A

converts analog (light) signal to digital (binary) signal

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11
Q

CR CCD reader

A

acts as a PMT, but collects and converts to digital all in one step (no ADC needed)

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12
Q

photo-stimulating light

A

erases imaging plate through bright, white light which releases any remaining stored photons

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13
Q

DR direct conversion

A

conversion system with semiconductor and TFT only

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14
Q

DR indirect conversion (TFT)

A

scintilation layer
photodiode layer
TFT array

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15
Q

DR indicrect conversion (CCD)

A

cassetteless conversion system without photocathode or TFT

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16
Q

scintillation layer

A
  • made of Cesium Iodide (CsI) rods

- incoming photons converted into light photons

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17
Q

photodiode layer

A
  • made of amorphous silicone

- converts light photons into electric charge, transfer to TFT

18
Q

Thin film transistor layer

A

made of DELs

-converts electric charge to binary

19
Q

sensor chip in CCD system

A

light photons converted directly to binary and sends to computer for processing

20
Q

semiconductor layer

A
  • amorphous selenium
  • interaction between high voltage charge and xray photons causes release of electrons in selenium atoms, which can then go to TFT for processing
21
Q

Pixel size formula

A

FOV
Pixel size = —————-
Matrix size

22
Q

dynamic range

A

the range of exposures that can be captured by a detector

23
Q

exposure latitude

A

the range of exposures that produce quality images at an appropriate patient dose

24
Q

bit depth

A

total number of brightness levels that can be assigned to any given pixel

25
Q

calculating bit depth

A

2^(bit system)

8-bit system
2^8 = 256 shades of gray

26
Q

contrast resolution

A

the smallest exposure change that can be detected and displayed by the system

27
Q

PACS

A

picture archiving and communication system

-networking and storage system

28
Q

PACS servers

A

maintain image archives for long-term storage

29
Q

DICOM

A

digital imaging and communication in medicine

-imaging format that functions on all PACS systems, regardless of vendor or facility

30
Q

EMR

A

electronic medical record

-contains standard medical data within an office or site

31
Q

EHR

A

electronic health record

-contain and share information from all providers, not just one office or site

32
Q

server based PACS networking system

A

imaging equipment
to PACS servers
to reading stations

33
Q

server based PACS networking system

advantages

A
  • any exam can be opened from any PACS workstation
  • only one rad can open the exam to interpret it
  • all prior exams are immediately accessible to rads
34
Q

server based PACS networking system

disadvantages

A
  • PACS server failure=system failure

- data flow can bog-down

35
Q

web based PACS networking system

A

imaging equipment
to PACS servers
to reading stations (through the web)

36
Q

web based PACS networking system

advantages

A

-exams can be accessed from any computer with internet access

37
Q

web based PACS networking system

disadvantages

A
  • desktop monitors may not be of diagnostic quality
  • speed of this system is dependent on internet speed
  • PACS server failure=system failure
38
Q

distribution PACS networking system

A

imaging equipment

to PACS servers and directly to reading stations

39
Q

distribution PACS networking system

advantages

A
  • PACS server failure does not mean system failure

- multiple copies of images

40
Q

distribution PACS networking system

disadvantages

A
  • technologist must send images to correct reading station
  • rad can only read from their PACS station, would need to physically move to another station to get different images (such as other modalities)

Random RTBC Notes (13 decks)

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