Fundamentals of chemistry 1 Flashcards
describe the safety symbol for irritant/harmful?
a large x on a yellow triangle
what does it mean if you see something with a safety symbol with a skull on it?
toxic
what is the relative mass of a neutron
1
what is the relative mass of an electron
0
what is the electrical charge of an electron ?
-1
what is the electrical charge of an neutron?
no charge
what is an element?
a substance made up of only on type of atom.
what is a compound?
a substance made up of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together
what is an atom?
the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element.
what is a molecule?
2 or more atoms chemically joined together
what is a mixture?
a group 2 or more elements not chemically bonded together.
what is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
a compound is 2 or more different types of elements chemically joined together and a molecule is 2 or more atoms chemically joined together
where do you find the mass of an atom?
in the nucleus
why do atoms have no overall charge?
because there are always the same amount of protons as neutrons, so there cancel each other out
where do you find an electron in an atom
in the outer shells
what is the formula for water and how many atoms are there in a molecule?
H₂O and 3 atoms are present
what is the formula for carbon dioxide
CO₂
what is the formula for oxygen?
O₂
what equipment is needed to perform the crystilisation of salt water?
bunsen burner, tripod, gauze, evaporating dish and a heat proof mat.
which side of a reaction do the reactants go?
on the left
how many carbons are there in:
Cu₂(OH)₂(CO₃)₂
2 carbons
whats the difference between chemical and physical separation processes
chemical processes are where the chemical structure/formula changes and the physical processes are where the appearance just changes
whats the difference between a solute and a solvent?
a solute gets dissolved by the solvent
state what the conservation of mass law means?
mass can never be created or destroyed
when balancing an equation what do you never change?
the chemical formula
what are the state symbols and the names?
S (solid)
L (liquid)
G(gas)
Aq(aquius)
why cant simple distillation be used to separate substances with similar boiling points?
as they will both evaporate at the same time and they will not be separated when they condense
paper chromatography is used to separate?
mixtures of soluble substances
distillation is used to separate?
2 liquids with different boiling points
how does paper chromatography work?
it works as the different components travel at different rates. This is because the different substances take different times to disolve in the solvent.The quicker they dissolve, the further they travel up the paper as they have more time.
what is Rf value?
The Rf value of a compound is equal to the distance traveled by the compound divided by the distance traveled by the solvent front
what is a solution?
a solute dissolved in a solvent
what is solubility?
the maximum amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given volume of solvent at a specific temperature
___NaCN + ___CuCO₃ –> ___Na₂CO₃ + ___Cu(CN)₂
2 NaCN + 1 CuCO₃ –> 1 Na₂CO₃ + 1 Cu(CN)₂
