Fundamentals

Question 1

define essential nutrient

Answer 1

an essential nutrient is a chemical that is required for metabolism- but that cant be synthesized to meet the needs of an organism for physiological functions

Question 2

How do you know if a nutrient is considered essential:

Answer 2

1. if removed from the diet: a decline in health is seen

2. if nutrient is put back into diet, these health declines are reversed

Question 3

when does a nutritional deficiency occur

Answer 3

nutritional deficiencies occur when a persons nutrient intake consistently falls below the recommended requirement

Question 4

What does a deficiency in iron, folate, or sit B12 result in

Answer 4

anemia- not enough red blood cells to transport oxygen around body

Question 5

what does a deficiency in thiamine (Vit B1) result in

Answer 5

beriberi- defective energy production, and abnormalities in the nervous system

Question 6

what does a deficiency in vitamin C result in

Answer 6

scurvy- defective collagen production

Question 7

what does a deficiency in vitamin D result in

Answer 7

rickets- defective bone growth

Question 8

What is the purpose of recognizing a diet deficiency

Answer 8

to prevent disease

Question 9

what is the purpose of recognizing nutritional requirements

Answer 9

to ensure optimal health

Question 10

how are daily values made

Answer 10

daily values are made using dietary reference intakes

Question 11

what is dietary reference intake

Answer 11

DRI is an umbrella term that refers to a set of reference values for nutrients (Ear, RDA, AI, UL)

Question 12

What two factors are looked at when establishing nutrient requirements

Answer 12

• estimated average requirements

- recommended dietary allowance

Question 13

what is estimated average requirements

Answer 13

the amount where the needs of 50% of the population are met

Question 14

what is recommended dietary allowance

Answer 14

the amount where 97% of the needs of the population are met

Question 15

how do you calculate the recommended dietary allowance?

Answer 15

RDA=EAR + 2STD DEV

Question 16

what is the tolerable upper limit

Answer 16

the highest level of continuous daily nutrient intake that causes no risk of adverse effects

Question 17

what is an adequate intake?

Answer 17

expected to meet or exceed the needs of most individuals

Question 18

when is adequate intake used?

Answer 18

when sufficient scientific evidence is not available to establish an estimated average requirement

Question 19

what were the outcomes of the Minnesota starvation experiment

Answer 19

• characterize the physical and mental effects of starvation
• resulted in weight loss, irritability, dizziness, tiredness, hair loss, depression

Question 20

what are the four characteristics to describe a nutritious diet

Answer 20

adequate
moderate
balanced
varied

Question 21

in terms of a nutritious diet, what does adequate mean?

Answer 21

provides enough calories, essential nutrients, and fibre to be healthy

Question 22

in terms of a nutritious diet, what does moderate mean?

Answer 22

you dont consume excessive calories or more of one food than recommended

Question 23

in terms of a nutritious diet, what does balanced mean?

Answer 23

eat nutrient-dense foods rather than nutrient-poor foods

Question 24

in terms of a nutritious diet, what does varied mean?

Answer 24

eating a wide selection of foods to get the necessary nutrients

Question 25

what are the three classes of macronutrients?

Answer 25

1. carbohydrates
2. lipids
3. proteins

Question 26

what are the two classes of micronutrients?

Answer 26

vitamins

minerals

Question 27

how much water can kidneys process per hour

Answer 27

0.9L/hour

Question 28

what is hypoantremia

Answer 28

hypoantremia is when you have a water/ sodium imbalance

• can occur from excessive fluid intake, under-replacement of sodium, or both
• avoided with urination

Question 29

what does hypoantremia cause

Answer 29

hypoantremia causes central nervous system edema and muscle weakness