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HistoPath > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Describe the appearance of neutrophils.
A

Multilobed nuclei with lots of granules

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2
Q
  1. In what states might you see an abundance of lymphocytes?
A

Chronic inflammation

Lymphoma

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3
Q
  1. Describe the appearance of eosinophils.
A

Bi-lobed nucleus with red granules

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4
Q
  1. List three conditions that could cause an eosinophilia.
A

Allergic reactions
Parasitic infections
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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5
Q
  1. Describe the appearance of the oesophagus in eosinophilic oesophagitis.
A

Horizontal striae are seen within the oesophagus (feline oesophagus)

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6
Q
  1. Describe the appearance of mast cells.
A

Large cells containing a lot of granules

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7
Q
  1. Describe the appearance of macrophages.
A

Large cells with lots of cytoplasm

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8
Q
  1. In what states do macrophages tend to appear?
A 
Late acute inflammation (macrophages clear up the debris)
Chronic inflammation (become secretory rather than phagocytic)
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9
Q
  1. Define granuloma.
A

Organised collection of activated macrophages

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10
Q
  1. Describe the appearance of macrophages in granulomas.
A

Epithelioid macrophages – they have a lot of cytoplasm making them look like epithelial cells

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11
Q
  1. What cytological feature is suggestive of a good sputum sample?
A

Pigmented macrophages – this suggests that they have come from the alveoli

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12
Q
  1. What do macrophages in granulomas fuse together to form?
A

Langerhans giant cells

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13
Q
  1. List some causes of granulomas.
A 
TB 
Leprosy
Cat scratch fever 
Fungal infections 
Sarcoidosis
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14
Q
  1. List three types of carcinoma.
A

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma

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15
Q
  1. What are two key features of squamous cell carcinomas?
A

Keratin production

Intercellular bridges

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16
Q
  1. What are two key features of adenocarcinomas?
A

Mucin production

Glands

17
Q
  1. Which stain is used for melanin?
A

Fontana stain

18
Q
  1. What type of stain is haematoxylin and eosin?
A

Histochemical stain – one part will react with the acidic component of the tissue, the other part will react with the basic component

19
Q
  1. Which stain is used for iron?
A

Prussian blue

20
Q
  1. Which stain is used for amyloid?
A

Congo Red

When viewed under polarised light, it produces apple green birefringence

21
Q
  1. What is a key immunological lymphoid marker?
A

CD45

22
Q
  1. What is a classic histological feature of HSV infection?
A

Cells with multiple nuclei

HistoPath (7 decks)

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