Fundamentals 1

Question 1

What is abnormal behavior?

Answer 1

atypical but can also be harmful. Is developmentally inappropriate.

Question 2

which variables do you have to consider for judging abnormal behavior?

Answer 2

1. age
2. context
3. gender
4. culture

Question 3

interdependent transactional view

Answer 3

both children and the environment play an active contribution to adaptive and maladaptive behavior

Question 4

continuity of abnormal behavior

Answer 4

developmental changes are gradual and quantitative.

predictive of future behavior patterns

Question 5

Discontinuity of abnormal behavior

Answer 5

developmental changes are abrupt and qualitative;

not predictive of future behavior patterns

Question 6

behavior indicatiors of abnormal behavior (9)

Answer 6

developmental delay
developmental regression(teruglopen) or deterioration(verslechtering)
exteme high or low frequency of behavior
extreme high or low intensity of behavior
behavior difficulty persists over time
behavior inappropriate to the situation
abrupt changes in behavior
several problem behaviors
behavior qualitatively different from normal

Question 7

what is the % of youth aged 4-18 who have problems

Answer 7

5,4 - 35,5%

Question 8

% of kids with “clinic levels” of disorder symptomatology

Answer 8

15-20%

Question 9

Early explanations of psychopathology

Answer 9

adult-focussed
Demonology (possession)
Somatogenesis (bodily imbalances)
strong focus on a single cause

Question 10

19 centurt explanations of psychopathology

Answer 10

classification
childhood disorders identified
progress on conceptualization of etiology

Question 11

Sigmund Freud & Psychoanalytic Theory:

Answer 11

people could be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations

Question 12

behaviorism

Answer 12

Behavior is learned—caused by interactions with the environment

Question 13

Social Learning Theory:

Answer 13

Learned behavior also comes from observations of one’s environment

Question 14

Models:

interactional vs Transactional

Answer 14

Interactional: variables interrelate to produce an outcome

transactional/systems: Ongoing, reciprocal transactions of environment and person

Question 15

causal factors
direct vs indirect
mediating vs moderating

Answer 15

Direct cause: Variable X leads straight to outcome
Indirect: Variable X influences other variables that in turn
lead to outcome
Mediating factors: Explain the relationship between variables
Moderating factors: Presence or absence of a factor influences the
relationship between variables

Question 16

Processes who are mediating factors

Answer 16

biological processes
psychological processes
social processes

Question 17

processes who are moderating factors

Answer 17

child characteristics

environmental contexts

Question 18

types o causal factors (3)

Answer 18

Necessary cause - must be present for disorder to occur
Sufficient cause - can be responsible alone
Contributing cause - not always necessary nor sufficient for cause itself

Question 19

Pathways to development (5) and explaned

Answer 19

stable adaption
stable maladaption
reversal of maladaption
decline of adaption
temporal maladaption

Question 20

continuity of Developmental psychopathology (3)

Answer 20

Homotypic continuity: Stable expression of symptoms
Heterotypic continuity: Symptom expression change with development
Cumulative continuity: Child in an environment that perpetuates maladaptive style

Question 21

Multifinality

Answer 21

early childhood maltreatment - different outcomes

Question 22

Equifinality

Answer 22

different beginning - same conduct disorder

Question 23

where/ when can resilience occur? (veerkracht)

Answer 23

• with one protective factor or may need more
• in one domain (emotional) and not another (academic)
• linked to neurobiology

Question 24

Trio of protective factors:

Answer 24

1. individual
2. Family
3. Extrafamilial

Question 25

definition Temparament

Answer 25

is a person’s basic disposition or behavioral tendencies.

Question 26

3 temperament types

Answer 26

Easy (this can be a Resilience factor)
Slow to warm (this can be a Risk factor)
Difficult (this can also be a Risk factor)

Question 27

goodness of fit

Answer 27

How the child’s behavioral tendencies “fit” with their parents’
temperament and their social environment

Question 28

Gene-environment interaction

Answer 28

differential sensitivity to experience due to differences in genotype

Question 29

Gene-environment correlation

Answer 29

genetic differences in exposure to

environments

Question 30

3 types of gene-environment correlation

Answer 30

Passive (Parents transmit both genes and environment to their children)
Reactive (Child’s gene makeup and reactions from others)
Active (Child’s gene makeup and child’s selection of experiences)