Anxiety

Question 1

tripartite model (responses to danger)

Answer 1

Behavioral responses (running away, closing eyes)
Physiological responses (rise in heart rate, muscle tension, upset stomach)
Subjective/cognitive responses (doubt)

Question 2

Fear

Answer 2

immediate reaction to a current threat

Question 3

Anxiety

Answer 3

alarm reaction to future concerns/ worry

Question 4

normal development for anxiety
6 m - 2 y
2-3 y
6 y
8-9 y
Adolescence

Answer 4

6 m.-2 years: Fear of strangers; separation anxiety
2-3 years: Fear of specific objects (“animals”) & events (“thunder”)
6 years: Social anxiety
8-9 years: Fear of death and anticipation anxiety
Adolescence: Teenage “angst” (e.g. Social isolation)

Question 5

Inernalization

Answer 5

suffering is turned inward.

Question 6

3 paths to phobia development

Answer 6

1. Direct (Classic Conditioning)
2. Indirect (Modeling & Avoidance = Operant)
3. Transmission of information (Observation = Cognitive)

Question 7

predisposing factors anxiety

Answer 7

Biological: Genetic/ Temperament (highly reactive BI system)
Interpersonal: Attachment
Intrapersonal: Attention bias to anxiety provoking

Question 8

Pathways to anxiety acquisition:

i

Answer 8

intrapersonal: conditioning/ poor habituation/ failure of mastery
interpersonal: parents limits child in exposure to fearful stimuli

Question 9

how to maintain anxiety

Answer 9

intrapersonal: avoiding. leads to a cognitive bias
interpersonal: behaviors of teachers and parents

Question 10

separation anxiety disorder

Answer 10

developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety about separation from home or a major attachment figure

Question 11

ae related symptoms of separation anxiety disorder

Answer 11

3 - 4 years: Unable to express fear in words. Expressed in symbolic (fear of dark, of animals, of seeing things in the dark)
5 - 8 years: Fear of specific situations, nightmares, refuse to go to school
9 - 12 years: Fear of separation itself
Adolescence: Pathological dependence, refuse to leave the house or go to school, somatic complaints

Question 12

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 12

A. Excessive worry or anxiety
B. Difficulty controlling worry
C. 3 or more symptoms in the last 6 months 
Restlessness
Fatigue
Concentration problems
Irritability
Muscle tension
Disturbed sleep
adults 3 of C, children 1

Question 13

Panic attacks

Answer 13

Discrete period of intense fear, terror that has a sudden onset and reaches a peak quickly.

Question 14

why is there a strong comorbidity between anxiety disorders and depression

Answer 14

Methodological artifact: DSM-5 symptom overlap

Similar etiologies: Negative affect as a general risk factor

Same development tract: From Helplessness (Anxiety) to Hopelessness (Depression)

Question 15

Teatment anxiety disorders

Answer 15

Cognitive Behavioral Treatment:
Relaxation (in vitro & in vivo)
Exposure (& response prevention)
Cognitive (“Challenging thoughts”)