Fundamental Rights Flashcards
What are Fundamental Rights (FRs) in the Indian Constitution?
Basic human rights guaranteed to all citizens, covering Articles 12 to 35 in Part III.
Why are Fundamental Rights important?
They protect individual liberty, prevent arbitrary state action, ensure democracy, and are justiciable.
How many categories are there for Fundamental Rights?
6 categories.
What is the Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)?
It ensures equality before the law and prohibits discrimination by the state.
What does Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantee?
Equality before the law.
What does Article 15 prohibit?
Discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
What does Article 16 ensure?
Equality of opportunity in government jobs.
What does Article 17 abolish?
Untouchability.
What does Article 18 abolish?
Titles awarded by the state, except military and honorary awards.
Which case upheld OBC reservation with a 50% cap?
Indra Sawhney Case (1992).
What is the Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)?
It grants 6 freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession) and protects personal liberty.
What does Article 19 provide?
6 freedoms: Speech, Assembly, Association, Movement, Residence, and Profession.
What does Article 20 protect?
It protects from ex post facto laws, double jeopardy, and self-incrimination.
What does Article 21 guarantee?
The Right to Life and Personal Liberty, including the Right to Privacy and Clean Environment.
Which landmark case expanded the Right to Life?
Maneka Gandhi Case (1978).
What is the Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)?
Prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor in hazardous industries.
What does Article 23 prohibit?
Human trafficking and forced labor.
What does Article 24 prohibit?
Child labor in hazardous industries for children under 14.
What does the Child Labor Act, 1986, address?
It prohibits and regulates child labor.
What does Article 25 guarantee?
Freedom to practice, profess, and propagate religion.
What does Article 26 guarantee?
Religious groups’ right to manage their affairs.
What does Article 27 prohibit?
Forced taxation for promoting religion.
What does Article 28 ensure?
No religious education in government-funded institutions.
Which landmark case upheld gender equality at Sabarimala temple?
Sabarimala Case (2018).
