Fundamental Planning Knowledge

Question 1

First land use zoning restrictions on the location of noxious uses

Answer 1

1867 - San Francisco

Question 2

First local civic center plan

Answer 2

1903 - Cleveland

Question 3

First major US city to apply City Beautiful principles

Answer 3

1906 - San Francisco

Question 4

First town planning board

Answer 4

1907 - Harford CT

Question 5

Adopted the first comprehensive zoning code

Answer 5

1916 - New York City written by Edward Bassett

Question 6

County formed the first regional planning commission

Answer 6

1922 - Los Angeles County

Question 7

First major US city to adopt a comprehensive plan

Answer 7

1925 - The City of Cincinnati

Question 8

First state to introduce statewide zoning

Answer 8

1961 - Hawaii

Question 9

American Society of Planning Official (ASPO) was founded in what year?

Answer 9

1934

Question 10

AIP adopted a Code of Ethics for professional planners in what year?

Answer 10

1971

Question 11

First exam for AIP membership was administered in what year?

Answer 11

1977

Question 12

The American Planning Association was created through a merger of AIP and ASPO in what year?

Answer 12

1978

Question 13

Concentric Circle Theory

Answer 13

1925 - Ernest Burgess
Cities grow in outward rings and land use is based on distance from downtown.

Question 14

Bid Rent Curve

Answer 14

Ernest Burgess founder of theory explaining land use patterns based on how much people are willing to pay for land and how much the profits are likely to receive from maintaining a business on that land.

Question 15

Sector Theory

Answer 15

1939 - Homer Hoyt
Land uses vary based on transportation routes, causing a series of sectors radiating out from the center of the city.

Question 16

Multiple Nuclei Theory

Answer 16

1945 - developed by Harris and Ullman
Cities develop a series of specific land use nuclei`

Question 17

Central Place Theory

Answer 17

1933 developed by Walter Christaller
Used to explain the size and spacing of cities

Question 18

Rational Planning

Answer 18

Dominant theory through the 1950s
1. Set goals
2. Determine alternatives
3. Evaluate the alternatives
4. Choose an alternative
5. Implement the alternative
6. Evaluate

Question 19

Incremental Planning

Answer 19

1959 - Charles Lindblom
People make their plans and decisions in an incremental manner accomplishing their goals through a series of successive, limited comparisons.

Question 20

Mixed Scanning

Answer 20

Amitai Etzioni
Views planning decisions at two levels: the big picture and the small picture

Question 21

Advocacy Planning

Answer 21

1960s Paul Davidoff
represent the interests of groups within a community

Question 22

Equity Planning

Answer 22

1970s Norman Krumholz in Cleveland
Helped make needs of low income groups the highest priority.

Question 23

Transactive Planning

Answer 23

1970s John Friedmann
Get the public more involved in the planning process, planner meets with individuals in the community to discuss issues and help develop a plan.

Question 24

Radical Planning

Answer 24

1987 John Friedmann
Taking power away from the government and giving it to the people

Question 25

Communicative Planning

Answer 25

Planning operates within the realm of politics and that it contains a variety of stakeholder interests.

Question 26

Equity

Answer 26

is about being fair or impartial

Question 27

Diversity

Answer 27

is about valuing and including different perspectives

Question 28

Inclusion

Answer 28

is about allowing people to participate in the process… truly listening, understanding that every choice counts and incorporating a robust, open and diverse community process

Question 29

Environmental justice

Answer 29

Redress the inequity and work to improve the environmental conditions of poor communities and communities of color