Fundamental Planning Knowledge Flashcards
First land use zoning restrictions on the location of noxious uses
1867 - San Francisco
First local civic center plan
1903 - Cleveland
First major US city to apply City Beautiful principles
1906 - San Francisco
First town planning board
1907 - Harford CT
Adopted the first comprehensive zoning code
1916 - New York City written by Edward Bassett
County formed the first regional planning commission
1922 - Los Angeles County
First major US city to adopt a comprehensive plan
1925 - The City of Cincinnati
First state to introduce statewide zoning
1961 - Hawaii
American Society of Planning Official (ASPO) was founded in what year?
1934
AIP adopted a Code of Ethics for professional planners in what year?
1971
First exam for AIP membership was administered in what year?
1977
The American Planning Association was created through a merger of AIP and ASPO in what year?
1978
Concentric Circle Theory
1925 - Ernest Burgess
Cities grow in outward rings and land use is based on distance from downtown.
Bid Rent Curve
Ernest Burgess founder of theory explaining land use patterns based on how much people are willing to pay for land and how much the profits are likely to receive from maintaining a business on that land.
Sector Theory
1939 - Homer Hoyt
Land uses vary based on transportation routes, causing a series of sectors radiating out from the center of the city.
Multiple Nuclei Theory
1945 - developed by Harris and Ullman
Cities develop a series of specific land use nuclei`
Central Place Theory
1933 developed by Walter Christaller
Used to explain the size and spacing of cities
Rational Planning
Dominant theory through the 1950s
1. Set goals
2. Determine alternatives
3. Evaluate the alternatives
4. Choose an alternative
5. Implement the alternative
6. Evaluate
Incremental Planning
1959 - Charles Lindblom
People make their plans and decisions in an incremental manner accomplishing their goals through a series of successive, limited comparisons.
Mixed Scanning
Amitai Etzioni
Views planning decisions at two levels: the big picture and the small picture
Advocacy Planning
1960s Paul Davidoff
represent the interests of groups within a community
Equity Planning
1970s Norman Krumholz in Cleveland
Helped make needs of low income groups the highest priority.
Transactive Planning
1970s John Friedmann
Get the public more involved in the planning process, planner meets with individuals in the community to discuss issues and help develop a plan.
Radical Planning
1987 John Friedmann
Taking power away from the government and giving it to the people
Communicative Planning
Planning operates within the realm of politics and that it contains a variety of stakeholder interests.
Equity
is about being fair or impartial
Diversity
is about valuing and including different perspectives
Inclusion
is about allowing people to participate in the process… truly listening, understanding that every choice counts and incorporating a robust, open and diverse community process
Environmental justice
Redress the inequity and work to improve the environmental conditions of poor communities and communities of color
