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AICP > Areas of Practice > Flashcards

Areas of Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Comprehensive Planning

A

All states either allow or require local governments to prepare comp plans.
1. Identify stakeholders
2. Define goals
3. Gather information and analysis
4. Develop alternatives
5. Select an alternative
Implementation then involves setting a budget and establishing action steps.
Requires evaluation and amendment at regular intervals

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2
Q

Tribal Planning

A

Engages tribal government leaders, residents and businesses in preparing plans and administering planning processes in support of the tribal community.

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3
Q

Corridor Transportation Planning

A

Typically occurs at the regional level. Long range transportation needs. Most are conducted by a Metropolitan Planning Organization

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4
Q

National Corridor Planning

A

Latest effort by the US Dept of Transportation is called “Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) “efficient movement of people and goods

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5
Q

Greenbelts

A

undeveloped natural land areas that have been set aside for the purposes of open space and recreation

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6
Q

US Geological survey uses this scale

A

1 : 24,000

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7
Q

Subdivision

A

Division of land into two or more parcels, sites or lots

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8
Q

Plat

A

Map of a tract or parcel of land

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9
Q

Replat

A

Allows for lots to be subdivided further or added back together

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10
Q

Amending plat

A

corrects errors or adds additional information to a plat

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11
Q

Vacating plot

A

Allows for a plat to be terminated prior to the selling of any lots

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12
Q

Preliminary plat

A

To scale mechanical drawing

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13
Q

Final plat

A

approved preliminary plat

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14
Q

Performance bonds

A

Agreement between the property owner and the community to ensure that the final plat is built as shown on the drawings within a certain time period. If the developer fails the gov may use the bond to cover the cost of improvements

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15
Q

Dedications

A

gifts of land for public purposes such as roads, parks and utilities

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16
Q

Impact Fees

A

Typically charged for off-site infrastructure needed to provide service to a development such as water or a sewer main

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17
Q

Development Agreement

A

Voluntary contract between local jurisdiction and property owner detailing the obligations of both parties and specifying the standards and conditions that will govern development of the property.

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18
Q

Smart Growth

A

planning for greater sustainability

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19
Q

Trip generation

A

number of trips that a particular site is likely to generate

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20
Q

Origin destination survey

A

used to determine trip generation by setting up roadblocks along major routes

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21
Q

Trip end

A

refers to the origin or destination point of a journey

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22
Q

Trip distribution

A

examines where people are going

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23
Q

Gravity Model

A

used to provide trip estimates based on the proportional attractiveness of the zone and the trip length

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24
Q

Modal split

A

deals with how people get to where they want to go and the form of transportation that they use

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25
Q

Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT)

A

amount of traffic on a roadway in a 24 hour period, averaged over a year

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26
Q

Peak Hour Volume

A

Hourly traffic during the peak period

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27
Q

Seasonal hour volume

A

peak hour volume during different seasons

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28
Q

Design hour volume (DHV)

A

Capacity of the roadway to handle traffic

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29
Q

Traffic assignment

A

Uses network models to predict the distribution of traffic for each roadway but the hour

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30
Q

Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)

A

A measure of vehicular mobility obtained from travel inventories, including topography, population density, travel distances between home other daily destinations

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31
Q

Highway Capacity Manual

A

Published by the Transportation Research Board, provides guidelines for computing highway capacity and quality of service based on road type

32
Q

Levels of Service (LOS)

A

Range from A to F
A: free flowing traffic
B: reasonably free flow, speeds maintained, slightly restricted
C: Stable Flow, ability to maneuver is restricted
D: Approaching unstable flow, speeds slightly decrease
E: Unstable flow, operating at capacity
F: Heavy congestion, severely reduced traffic speeds

33
Q

Federal-Aid Highway Act

A

1944 - designating 65,000 km of interstates

34
Q

Public Roads Administration (PRA)

A

responsible for implementing the highway system

35
Q

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962

A

created the federal mandate for urban transportation planning in the United States

36
Q

Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST)

A

2015 - allows city planners to set their own street design standards for local federally funded projects

37
Q

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)

A

created to meet federal requirements for urban transportation planning

38
Q

Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)

A

Prepared by the MPOs, lists all projects for which federal funds are anticipated, it is required by law

39
Q

Transportation Demand Management (TDM)

A

term used to describe strategies for the efficient use of transportation

40
Q

Commute trip reduction (CTR)

A

provides commuters with resources and incentives to reduce their vehicle trips, particularly during peak commute hours

41
Q

Adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO)

A

allows local governments to deny or delay new developments if the existing gov services (water/sewer/roads/schools/fire/police) cannot support it

42
Q

Concurrency

A

practice of requiring that infrastructure to be in place and available at a specified level of service prior to allowing new development to occur

43
Q

Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act

A

Authority of a federal government, FEMA, to respond to a disaster

44
Q

Effluent Standards

A

Set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment

45
Q

Point Source Pollution

A

discharged directly from a specific site
example: sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe

46
Q

Clean Water Act

A

Passed in 1972 with major amendment in 1977
Requires anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit. Also regulates the amount of water that be discharged and the types of pollutants that can be released

47
Q

Point Source Discharge Permit

A

Needed to discharge pollutants into the water

48
Q

Clean Air Act

A

1970, 1977, and 1990
Cuts off federal funding for metro areas not in attainment.
In non-attainment areas new pollution sources are allowed only if there is there is a reduction in pollutions greater than the pollutants contributed by the source

49
Q

Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)

A

relates to air quality and requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment

50
Q

Ambient Air Quality Standards

A

sets the max air contaminant concentrations allowed in the ambient air.

50
Q

Ambient Air Quality Standards

A

sets the max air contaminant concentrations allowed in the ambient air.

51
Q

Fiscal Impact Analysis

A

aka cost-revenue analysis
used to estimate the costs and revenues of a proposed development on a local government.

52
Q

Average per capita method

A

Simplest method of fiscal impact analysis/least reliable
Divides the total local budget by the existing population to determine the average per capita cost for the jurisdiction

53
Q

Adjusted per capita method

A

Uses the average per capita method for fiscal impact analysis but adjusts based on expectations about the new development

54
Q

Disaggregated per capita method

A

Fiscal impact analysis - estimates the costs and revenues based on major land uses

55
Q

Dynamic method

A

applies statistical analysis to time-series data from a jurisdiction.
Example: how much sales tax revenue is generated per capita from a grocery store and applies this to the new development

56
Q

Economic development multiplier effect

A

describes how certain types of jobs will drive demand for even more jobs

57
Q

Enterprise zones (EZs)

A

geographic areas in which companies can qualify for a variety of subsidies

58
Q

Biophilic Design

A

concerns the need to create habitat for people as biological organisms. Experience of nature

59
Q

Tenement House Act of 1867

A

first major housing code in the United States

60
Q

Dumbbell tenement

A

housing type with open air shafts

61
Q

Tenement House Law of 1901

A

NY state passed which outlawed dumbbell tenements

62
Q

Public Works Administration (PWA)

A

1934 - created during the Great Depression
Provided 85% of the cost of public housing projects

63
Q

National Housing Act 1934

A

Established the Federal Housing Administration with the purpose of insuring home mortgages

64
Q

Resettlement Administration 1935

A

Used New Deal funds to develop new towns throughout the United States

65
Q

1937 US Housing Act

A

Provided $500 mil in home loans for development of low-cost housing

66
Q

Servicement’s Readjusment Act

A

GI Bill guaranteed home loans to veterans

67
Q

Housing Act of 1949

A

first comprehensive housing legislation passed in the US
Called for the construction of 800,000 new housing units and emphasized slum clearance

68
Q

Housing Act of 1954

A

called for slum prevention and urban renewal
also provided funding for planning for cities under 25,000 population

69
Q

Housing Act of 1959

A

made federal matching funds available for comprehensive planning

70
Q

Housing Act of 1961

A

provided interest subsidies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent

71
Q

Fair Housing Act (FHA

A

1968: expanded upon previous acts to prohibit discrimination

72
Q

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968

A

Provided the construction of six million subsidized housing units

73
Q

HOPE VI

A

1992- program provided funds for the redevelopment of severely distressed public housing

74
Q

Colonias

A

unincorporated subdivisions with little or no infrastructure sold to low-income individuals

75
Q

Agricultural Land Trust

A

identifies agricultural lands that should be preserved and works with owners to participate in the trust via a conservation easement, an agreement between a landowner and a land trust regarding the future uses of a private property

AICP (14 decks)

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