Fundamental Ideas In Chemistry

Question 1

Why do liquids and gases take the shape of their container?

Answer 1

They do not have a fixed shape as there is space between the particles.

Question 2

Why do gases not have a fixed volume?

Answer 2

There is lots of space between the particles.

Question 3

The particles in solids _____ in fixed positions.

Answer 3

Vibrate

Question 4

Which state of matter has the most energy?

Answer 4

Gases

Question 5

What is the change of state from solid to gas called?

Answer 5

Sublimation

Question 6

What are the two things that can happen when a substance loses or gains energy?

Answer 6

Its temperature can change or its state can change.

Question 7

If a substance has a sharp melting point, it is a ____ substance.

Answer 7

Pure

Question 8

How can we identify the melting point of a substance from a graph?

Answer 8

A horizontal line

Question 9

What is the name of the section in the middle of an atom?

Answer 9

The nucleus

Question 10

What three particles are found in the atom?

Answer 10

Neutron, electron, proton

Question 11

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 11

No charge

Question 12

What does the atomic number (Bottom) represent?

Answer 12

The number of electrons and protons in the atom

Question 13

How do we work out the number of neutrons?

Answer 13

The difference between the atomic number (Bottom) and the mass number (Top)

Question 14

What is matter?

Answer 14

Anything that has mass and volume

Question 15

How many electrons can the 1st shell contain?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

How many atoms can the 1st and 2nd shells contain?

Answer 16

8

Question 17

How many atoms can the 4th shell contain?

Answer 17

Any amount

Question 18

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 18

The mass of the atoms in the element in comparison to hydrogen.

Question 19

How do we work out the relative formula mass?

Answer 19

Add together the relative atomic masses of all the elements in the compound.

Question 20

What is Avagadro’s number?

Answer 20

6.02x1023

Question 21

The mass of a mole of particles is equal to the…

Answer 21

Relative formula mass

Question 22

How do we calculate number of particles?

Answer 22

Number of moles x Avagadro’s number

Question 23

How do we calculate number of moles?

Answer 23

Mass of substance/Mr

Question 24

How do we calculate percentage of an element in a compound?

Answer 24

Mass of element in compound/relative formula mass of compound x 100

Question 25

What are the three subatomic particles?

Answer 25

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 26

What is the first step of an equation involving moles?

Answer 26

Convert grams to moles

Question 27

What is the second step of an equation involving moles?

Answer 27

Look at the ratios

Question 28

What is the third step of an equation involving moles?

Answer 28

Convert moles back to grams

Question 29

What is the top number in the periodic table?

Answer 29

The relative atomic mass

Question 30

What is the bottom number in the periodic table?

Answer 30

The atomic number

Question 31

What is an isotope?

Answer 31

An isotope is something that can have two forms: they have the same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons.