Fundamental Definitions Flashcards
Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties, the changes that matter
undergoes, and the energy associated with those changes.
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Chemistry is the study of * , the * that matter
undergoes, and the * associated with those changes.
matter and its properties, changes, energy
Define substance
A substance is a type of matter that has a defined, fixed composition
These are characteristics that give each substance its unique identity
properties
Melting point, electrical conductivity, density
physical property
A physical change occurs when a substance
alters its * , not its *.
physical properties, composition
Physical properties are characteristics a substance shows by itself, without *
into or * with another substance.
changing, interacting
Chemical properties are characteristics a substance shows as it * with another substance (or substances).
changes into or
interacts
flammability, corrosiveness, and reactivity with acids.
Chemical properties
A chemical change, also called a
chemical reaction, occurs when a substance (or substances) is *
converted into a different
substance (or substances).
A * has a fixed shape that does not conform to the container shape. Solids are not
defined by rigidity or hardness: solid iron is rigid and hard, but solid lead is flexible,
and solid wax is soft.
solid
A * has a varying shape that conforms to the container shape, but only to the
extent of the liquid’s volume; that is, a liquid has an upper surface.
liquid
A * also has a varying shape that conforms to the container shape, but it fills the
entire container and, thus, does not have a surface.
gas
In a solid, the particles lie next to each other in a regular, *
three-dimensional array.
a * change caused by heating can generally be
reversed by cooling.
physical
heating iron in moist air causes a chemical reaction that yields the brown, crumbly
substance known as rust. Cooling does not reverse this change; rather, another * (or series of them) is required.
chemical
change
The * an object possesses is the sum of its potential energy and its
kinetic energy.
total energy
1 in = ___ cm
2.54
SI Units mass = length = time = temperature = electric current = amount of substance = luminous intensity =
kilograms (kg) meters (m) seconds (s) Kelvin (K) Ampere (A) mole (mol) candela (cd)
H-2
deuterium
H-3
Tritium
