Fundamental Concepts of Microbiology

Question 1

What are the 3 domains of life?

Answer 1

1. Eukarya
2. Bacteria
3. Archaea

Question 2

What are the 2 kingdoms of unicellular organisms?

Answer 2

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

Question 3

What are the 2 kingdoms of multicellular organisms?

Answer 3

1. Plants

2. Animals (including fungi)

Question 4

What kingdom has both unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Answer 4

1. Protists (including algae)

Question 5

What are the 8 life functions of cells?

Answer 5

1. Respiration
2. Regulation
3. Reproduction
4. Growth
5. Excretion
6. Nutrition
7. Transport
8. Synthesis

Question 6

What macromolecules are foundational to all cells?

Answer 6

1. Carbohydrates (building blocks: monosaccharides)
2. Lipids (building blocks: glycerol, fatty acids)
3. Proteins (building blocks: amino acids)
4. Nucleic acids (building blocks: nucleotides)

Question 7

What are the conditions for the origin of life on Earth?

Answer 7

Continual input of energy and a temperature range permitting liquid water.

Question 8

What were the earliest life forms on Earth and what were they made of?

Answer 8

Unicellular, made of stardust.

Question 9

Which organelles could have developed by endosymbiosis of cell organelles, and how?

Answer 9

ER + nuclear envelopes may have evolved from infoldings of PM.

Question 10

Origins of mitochondria + chloroplasts.

Answer 10

Organelles that were engulfed by host cells to carry out specific tasks for them.

Question 11

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 11

Mitochondria: produce energy from chemical components.

Question 12

What is the role of a chloroplast?

Answer 12

Chloroplast: produce energy from light (photons)