Fundamental Building Blocks

Question 0

Define Mass?

Answer 0

The measure of the quantity of matter in any given object.

Question 1

Define Matter??

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass.

Question 2

Define Volume?

Answer 2

How much space an object occupies.

Question 3

Describe the components of an Atom??

Answer 3

1: proton
2: neutron
3: electron

Question 4

Define Element??

Answer 4

A substance that is pure in that it cannot be reduced to any simpler component substances through chemical processes.

Question 5

What is an Atomic Number??

Answer 5

Designation of an element by the number of Protons in its Nucleus.

Question 6

Define Isotope??

Answer 6

An Atom with an unequal number of Neutrons relative to the number of Protons.

Question 7

Describe a Chemical Bond??

Answer 7

The process of chemical combination and rearrangement. Do so to become more stable by seeking its lowest state.

Question 8

Define a Covalent Bond??

Answer 8

A chemical bond in which Atoms share pairs of Electrons.

Question 9

Define the Law of Conservation of Mass??

Answer 9

Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Question 10

Define a Molecule??

Answer 10

An entity consisting of a defined number of Atoms covalently bonded together.

Question 11

Define Electronegativity??

Answer 11

The measurement of pull exerted by Atoms in a molecule.

Question 12

What is Polarity??

Answer 12

A difference in electrical charge at one end of a molecule as opposed to the other.

Question 13

Define Polar Covalent Bond??

Answer 13

When the Atom of a molecule exerts a greater pull on the shared electrons. Unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 14

Define Nonpolar Covalent Bond??

Answer 14

The equal sharing of Electrons in molecules.

Question 15

Define Ion??

Answer 15

A charged Atom. An Atom with I difference of Electrons relative to Protons.

Question 16

Define Ionic Bonding??

Answer 16

A chemical bonding in which two or more Ions are linked due to their electrostatic attraction(opposite charges). Usually a metal with nonmetal.

Question 17

Define Molecular Formula??

Answer 17

Notation describing which Atoms form a Molecule.

Ex: 3 O2

Question 18

Define Structural Formula??

Answer 18

Two-dimensional representation of a Molecule describing the arrangement of its Atoms.

Ex:               H
                     |
                H-C-H
                     |
                    H
Methane

Question 19

What are Reactants and Products??

Answer 19

Reactants: atoms chemically reacting to one another.
Product: the yielded Molecule.

Question 20

Describe an Ionic Compound??

Answer 20

A collection of the Atoms of two or more elements that have become linked through Ionic Bonding.

Question 21

What is a Hydrogen Bond??

Answer 21

The linking of an already covalently bonded hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom. Almost always pairs Hydrogen with either Oxygen or Nitrogen.

Question 22

Describe a Solution??

Answer 22

A mixture of two or more molecules,ions, or atoms that is uniform throughout (homogenous).

Question 23

What is a Solute??

Answer 23

What is being dissolved in a solution.

Question 24

What is a Solvent??

Answer 24

What is doing the disolving in a solution.

Question 25

Define Specific Heat??

Answer 25

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 Celsius.

Question 26

Describe Cohesion and Surface Tension??

Answer 26

Cohesion: the tendency for water molecules to stay together.

Surface Tension: caused by lack of attraction to air above them.

Question 27

What are Hydrocarbons??

Answer 27

Compounds made solely of Hydrogen and Carbon, such as Methane. They are Hydrophobic.

Question 28

Hydrophilic??

Answer 28

Compounds that form bonds with water.

Question 29

Hydrophobic?

Answer 29

Compounds that are nonpolar and cannot bond with water.

Question 30

What is the meaning of pH?

Answer 30

Hydrogen power.

Question 31

Define Acid??

Answer 31

Any substance that yields Hydrogen Ions when put in aqueous solution.

Question 32

Define Base??

Answer 32

Any substance that accepts Hydrogen Ions in aqueous solution.

Question 33

What is a Hydroxide Ion?

Answer 33

OH-. Strongly basic due to difference in charge to H+. Raises pH (Alkalinity).

Question 34

pH scale?

Answer 34

A Logarithmic scale used in measuring the acidity of a substance.