Fundamental Building Blocks Flashcards
Define Mass?
The measure of the quantity of matter in any given object.
Define Matter??
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Define Volume?
How much space an object occupies.
Describe the components of an Atom??
1: proton
2: neutron
3: electron
Define Element??
A substance that is pure in that it cannot be reduced to any simpler component substances through chemical processes.
What is an Atomic Number??
Designation of an element by the number of Protons in its Nucleus.
Define Isotope??
An Atom with an unequal number of Neutrons relative to the number of Protons.
Describe a Chemical Bond??
The process of chemical combination and rearrangement. Do so to become more stable by seeking its lowest state.
Define a Covalent Bond??
A chemical bond in which Atoms share pairs of Electrons.
Define the Law of Conservation of Mass??
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
Define a Molecule??
An entity consisting of a defined number of Atoms covalently bonded together.
Define Electronegativity??
The measurement of pull exerted by Atoms in a molecule.
What is Polarity??
A difference in electrical charge at one end of a molecule as opposed to the other.
Define Polar Covalent Bond??
When the Atom of a molecule exerts a greater pull on the shared electrons. Unequal sharing of electrons.
Define Nonpolar Covalent Bond??
The equal sharing of Electrons in molecules.
Define Ion??
A charged Atom. An Atom with I difference of Electrons relative to Protons.
Define Ionic Bonding??
A chemical bonding in which two or more Ions are linked due to their electrostatic attraction(opposite charges). Usually a metal with nonmetal.
Define Molecular Formula??
Notation describing which Atoms form a Molecule.
Ex: 3 O2
Define Structural Formula??
Two-dimensional representation of a Molecule describing the arrangement of its Atoms.
Ex: H
|
H-C-H
|
H
Methane
What are Reactants and Products??
Reactants: atoms chemically reacting to one another.
Product: the yielded Molecule.
Describe an Ionic Compound??
A collection of the Atoms of two or more elements that have become linked through Ionic Bonding.
What is a Hydrogen Bond??
The linking of an already covalently bonded hydrogen atom with an electronegative atom. Almost always pairs Hydrogen with either Oxygen or Nitrogen.
Describe a Solution??
A mixture of two or more molecules,ions, or atoms that is uniform throughout (homogenous).
What is a Solute??
What is being dissolved in a solution.
What is a Solvent??
What is doing the disolving in a solution.
Define Specific Heat??
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 Celsius.
Describe Cohesion and Surface Tension??
Cohesion: the tendency for water molecules to stay together.
Surface Tension: caused by lack of attraction to air above them.
What are Hydrocarbons??
Compounds made solely of Hydrogen and Carbon, such as Methane. They are Hydrophobic.
Hydrophilic??
Compounds that form bonds with water.
Hydrophobic?
Compounds that are nonpolar and cannot bond with water.
What is the meaning of pH?
Hydrogen power.
Define Acid??
Any substance that yields Hydrogen Ions when put in aqueous solution.
Define Base??
Any substance that accepts Hydrogen Ions in aqueous solution.
What is a Hydroxide Ion?
OH-. Strongly basic due to difference in charge to H+. Raises pH (Alkalinity).
pH scale?
A Logarithmic scale used in measuring the acidity of a substance.
