Blood and Breath Flashcards
What are the Formed Elements of blood??
The lower lever of stirred blood made of Blood cells and cell fragments making up 45% of blood.
Cardiovascular System?
A fluid transport system that consists if the heart, all the blood vessels in the body, the blood that flows through these vessels, and the bone marrow tissue in which red blood cells are formed.
Define plasma??
The upper liquid level of stirred blood where the Formed Elements are suspended. 92% water and 3 proteins: 1: Albumins
2: Fibrimogen
3: Globulins
These make up 7%.
The rest are electrolytes and nutrients.Red Blood Cells(Erythrocytes)?
99.9% of Formed Elements found in blood. 1/3 of all cells in body. Cell membrane surrounding nothing but hemoglobin. Carry O2 to and some CO2 from body tissues.
Also contains enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase.
White Blood Cells(Leukocytes)??
Standard cell structure. Mostly found in tissue than in bloodstream. Important part of immune system. They utilize bloodstream to reach infected areas.
Platelets(Thrombocytes)??
Cell fragments(do not have nucleus) from bone marrow cells. Involved in hemostasis, which leads to blood clotting.
Albumins??
Plasma protein made in liver for transport of Hormones and Fatty Acids.
Fibrinogen?
Plasma protein made in liver. Aids in blood clotting.
Globulins??
Plasma protein
1: immunoglobulin or antibodies
2: transport proteins (lipoprotein)
Arteries??
Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart.
Veins??
Blood vessels that carry blood to heart. Contain Valves to prevent back flow due to loss of pressure.
Capillaries??
Made of a single layer of cells. The smallest blood vessels connecting arteries to veins. So small so materials can easily pass through.
What are the 3 layers of tissues that make up Arteries and Veins??
1: epithelial cells=inner most layer. Come in contact with nutrients.
2: smooth muscle: middle layer. Allows constriction/expansion.
3: connective tissue
What are the 2 networks of blood vessels in the Cardiovascular System??
1: Pulmonary Circuit
2: Systemic Circuit
Pulmonary Circuit??
Consists of Right-Side of Heart, Lungs, and associated Vessels. Controls blood flow between heart and lungs.
Systemic Circuit??
Consists of Left-Side of Heart. Carries blood to, and removes waste from body tissues.
Semilunar Valves??
Valves of the Heart that prevent the back flow of blood.
1: Tricuspid (Right Atrioventricular)
2: Pulmonary
3: Mitral (Left Atrioventricular)
4: Aortic
Sinoatrial Node??
The wall of muscular tissue that surrounds the Right Atrium. Function like nerve cells, generating and transmitting electrical signals.
Coronary Arteries??
2 Arteries that branch immediately from Aorta.
Heart Attack??
Complete blockage of a Coronary Artery. The cap of plaque ruptures, causing the immune system to form a blood clot, thus sealing of the artery.
Systolic Pressure??
Produced as the Left Ventricle contracts to pump blood up Aorta.
Diastolic Pressure??
Pressure when the ventricles are relaxed.
Capillary Beds??
The delivery vehicles of the Cardiovascular System submerged in Interstitial Fluid. Found in between Arterioles and Venules. No cell is more than 2-3 cells outside a capillary.
Central functions of the Respiratory System??
1: Circulation of O2
2: Disposal of CO2
3: Aid in pH maintenance
4: speech
