Functions/Structures Of Different Cells

Question 1

Cell wall

Answer 1

Rigid outer layer of plant cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Gel-like fluid where the organelles are found

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

Produces energy a cell needs to carry out its functions (site of respiration)

Question 4

Lysosomes

Answer 4

Uses chemicals to break down food and worn out cell parts

Question 5

Vacuoles

Answer 5

Stores food, water, wastes and other materials

Question 6

Golgi bodies

Answer 6

Receives proteins and materials from the ER, packages them and distributes them

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food in plant cells

Question 8

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

Has passageways that carry proteins and materials from one part of a cell to the other

Question 9

Ribsosomes

Answer 9

Assembles amino acids to create proteins

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Control centre of cell

Contains DNA

Question 11

Nucleolus

Answer 11

Found inside a nucleus and produces ribosomes

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

Tiny strands inside the nucleus that contain the instructions for directing the cell’s functions

Question 13

Cell membrane

Answer 13

Controls what comes in and out of cell

Found in plant and animal cells

Question 14

Structure of a nucleus

Answer 14

Circular shape surrounded by nuclear envelope (2 membranes which contain pores)

Question 15

Structure of mitochondria

Answer 15

Double membrane bound organelle.

Inner membrane is folded inside to form cristae in the matrix.

Question 16

Structure of golgi bodies

Answer 16

Stack of membrane bound flattened sacs.

Has vesicles or round circle structures next to main body.

Question 17

Structure of lysosomes

Answer 17

Membrane bound sacs that contain enzymes

Question 18

Structure of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

Made up of flattened sacs called cisternae.

Found near nucleus.

Question 19

Structure of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

Made up of flattened sacs called cisternae.

Contains ribosomes or small spherical spheres.

Found near nucleus.

Question 20

Cell membrane structure

Answer 20

Phospholipid bilayer which contains embedded proteins which act like pores

Question 21

Structure of chloroplast

Answer 21

Contains 2 fluid separated membranes.

The inner membrane is folded into flattened sacs called thykaloids.

Question 22

Structure of a vacuole

Answer 22

Membrane bound organelles that have no specific shape

Question 23

Structure of ribosomes

Answer 23

Small spherical organelles

Question 24

Structure of a cytoplasm

Answer 24

Fluid held within the cell membrane

Question 25

What do phospholipids do in the cell membrane?

Answer 25

Form a barrier to dissolved substances

Question 26

What does cholesterol do in the cell membrane?

Answer 26

Gives the membrane stability

Question 27

What do proteins do in the cell membrane?

Answer 27

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 28

What do glycolipids and glycoproteins do in the cell membrane?

Answer 28

Act as receptors for messenger molecules (hormones, drugs, antibodies) and for cell signalling

Question 29

What two types of membrane proteins are there?

Answer 29

Extrinsic - found on one surface of the membrane only Intrinsic - they span the entire membrane

Question 30

Membrane proteins have a variety of functions. Name 4 functions:

Answer 30

1. May ACT AS ENZYMES e.g. carbohydrase enzymes are found in the cell membranes of intestinal epithelial cells 2. Act as RECEPTORS FOR HORMONES 3. Act as CARRIER PROTEINS, controlling what enters and leaves the cell 4. Carbohydrates and lipids attached to proteins (forming glycolipids and glycoproteins) ALLOW CELLS TO RECOGNISE one another

Question 31

What three ways can a substance enter and leave a cell

Answer 31

Osmosis Diffusion Active transport

Question 32

What does hydropholic mean

Answer 32

Likes water

Question 33

What does hydrophilic mean

Answer 33

Dislikes water

Question 34

Define diffusion

Answer 34

The movement of particles for high concentration to low concentration

Question 35

Define osmosis

Answer 35

The diffusion of water particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 36

Does passive transport require energy

Answer 36

No. E.g. Osmosis

Question 37

Does active transport require energy

Answer 37

Yes (ATP) as it goes AGAINST the concentration gradient E.g. Active Transport

Question 38

What are the four functions of a cell membrane

Answer 38

1. Cell signalling 2. Selective transport 3. Excretion of waste 4. Structural support

Question 39

Define isotonic

Answer 39

Concentration is the same inside and outside the cell

Question 40

Define hypertonic

Answer 40

Concentration of dissolved particles higher outside the cell than inside. Water will LEAVE the cell.

Question 41

Define hypotonic

Answer 41

Concentration of dissolved particles is LOWER outside the cell rather than inside. Water ENTERS the cell.

Question 42

What is Facilitated diffusion

Answer 42

Proteins provide channel for movement

Question 43

What is exocytosis

Answer 43

Vesicles (from golgi bodies) relase contents out of the cell

Question 44

What is endocytosis

Answer 44

Vesicles release contents INTO the cell