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Biology - TPHS > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What did JANSEN come up with?

A

The first compound microscope and first telescope

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2
Q

What did LEEUWENHOEK come up with?

A

Further developed the microscope after JANSEN, and discovered bacteria when looking at his teeth

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3
Q

What did HOOKE come up with?

A

Coined the term ‘cell’ after looking at a cork under a microscope

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4
Q

What did SCHELIDEN come up with?

A

Botanist that discovered plants were made up of cells

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5
Q

What did SCHWANN come up with?

A

Discovered organisms made up of cells

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6
Q

What did VIRCHOW come up with?

A

Used research to prove cells do come from pre-existing cells

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7
Q

What did ROBERT BROWN come up with?

A

Coined the term ‘nucleus’

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8
Q

What are the three types of adaptations?

A
  • physiological
  • structural
  • behavioural
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9
Q

What is a structural adaptation?

A

A physical feature/characteristic

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10
Q

What is a physiological adaptation?

A

A biological function or process found in an organism (e.g. venom)

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11
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation

A

The way in which the organism acts

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12
Q

How to measure temperature

A

Thermometer

Read it whilst still in substance you wish to measure

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13
Q

How to measure pH

A

Using a pH meter

Put it onto substance and record the number seen

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14
Q

How to measure salinity (salt level)

A

Salinity meter

Pour substance onto meter and look through the eye piece to see where the blue line meets the white

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15
Q

How to measure distribution

A

Transect method

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16
Q

How to measure abundance

A

Quadrat method

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17
Q

Human impacts on the environment

A
  • deforestation (mining, destroys organisms habitat)
  • introducing a new species (could create competition for food, inter-specific competition)
  • hunting (for zoos)
  • collecting organisms (for zoos)
  • pollution (rises ocean levels / could suffocate an organism)
  • foot traffic (erosion, weathering / stepping on them, killing)
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18
Q

What do support services do as part of the Ecosystems services

A

Creates and replenishes the foundation of the earth’s biological systems

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19
Q

What do provisioning services do as part of the Ecosystems services

A

Gives us the raw materials we need to live

Rivers, aquifers

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20
Q

What do regulating services do as part of the Ecosystems services

A

Moderating many of the earth’s systems that could get dangerous if out of whack

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21
Q

What do cultural services do as part of the Ecosystems services

A

Nice scenery, places to sit, play etc

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22
Q

If we had to do everything the ecosystem provides us for free, how much would it cost us per year?

A

$46 trillion per year

23
Q

How does biodiversity make the ecosystem more resilient

A

Because if you take away an organism from a high-biodiversity environment, it is less likely for the that ecosystem to collapse, as it most likely wouldn’t be the only source of food for many organisms, etc

24
Q

What is species biodiversity

A

Describes the number of different species in an area

25
Q

What is genetic diversity

A

The diversity of genes within a species

26
Q

Why is it important to have a complex variety of species + genes in an environment?

A

So that the ecosystem is more resilient to change

27
Q

When did Robert Hook first observe cells with his compound microscope?

A

1665

28
Q

When did Anton va Leewenhoek see microorganisms

A

1678

29
Q

When did Swammerdam discover animal cells

A

1678

30
Q

When did Henri Dutrochet suggest that living things might be made of cells, and therefore that cells might be a basic unit of all living things?

A

1824

31
Q

When did Robert Brown recognise the nucleus in plant cells and give it a name?

A

1833

32
Q

When did Matthais Scheliden AND Theodor Schwaan propose that all living things were made of cells, and that each cell functions independently as well as co-operating with other cells?

A

1838

33
Q

When did Rudolf Virchow state that “where a cell exists, there must have been a pre-existing cell”?

A

1858

34
Q

How to remember that HOOKE first observed cells with his compound microscope

A

HOOKE = fishing hook = cork that keeps lune afloat

35
Q

How to remember BROWN recognised the nucleus in plant cells and gave it the name?

A

BROWN = nucleus looks brown under microscope

36
Q

How to remember SCHLEIDEN and SCHWANN proposed that all living things are made of cells

A

SCHWANN = sounds like swan = swans are animals = animals made up of cells

37
Q

How did Louis Pasteur disprove the idea of ‘spontaneous generation’ of life, in 1864?

A

Through the swan neck flask experiment

  • prevented entry of airborne particles to a nutrient broth = stopped growth of culture
  • left it open = microbes were able to grow
38
Q

Why was the swan neck flask experiment important evidence for supporting the cell theory?

A

Life must come from other life - something cannot just spontaneously appear

39
Q

What is meant by a “compound” microscope

A

A microscope with more than one lens

40
Q

Name two instruments created by Robert zhooke

A
  • compound light microscope

- a micrometer

41
Q

Name 6 things in an animal cell

A
  • nucleus
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes (very small)
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
42
Q

Name 9 things in a plant cell

A
  • nucleus
  • vacuoles
  • ribosomes
  • cell membrane
  • cytoskeleton
  • cytoplasm
  • chloroplasts
  • cell wall
  • golgi apparatus
43
Q

Are there chloroplasts in plant cells

A

Yes

44
Q

Are there chloroplasts in animal cells

A

No

45
Q

Is there a cell wall in plant cells

A

Yes

46
Q

Is there a cell wall in animal cells

A

No

47
Q

The three key points about the cell theory

A
  • all living things are made of cells
  • a cell is the smallest unit of living
  • all cells come from pre-existing cells
48
Q

Which are bigger: plant cells or animal cells?

A

Plant cells are usually bigger

49
Q

How does the size of bacteria compare to the size of animal and plant cells? By how much?

A

Bacteria cells usually about 10 times smaller than animal and plant cells

50
Q

What does Lepiodoptera mean in Ancient Greek?

A

“Scaled wing”

51
Q

What is the shimmery dust that you create when you touch the wings on a butterfly?

A

The dust is actually the scales

52
Q

How to use a scanning electron microscope to look at the wings of a butterfly?

A
  • a flow of electrons leaves the tungsten and goes through the electromagnetic lenses
  • vary the beam, and scan it across the butterfly
  • measure how many secondary electrons we get off the sample using the electron detector
  • put these through filters to create an image
53
Q

What did Dutrochet come up with?

A
  • suggested all living things might be made up of cells and therefore cells might be the basic unit of all living things
54
Q

What did Swammerdam come up with?

A
  • discovered animals cells

Biology - TPHS (6 decks)

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