Functions of Organelles (C2) Flashcards
1
Q
Nucleus
A
1) Chromosomes in a nucleus contains the genetic material of the cell
2) centre to control cell activities and cell division
3) mRNA, tRNA, rRNA needed for protein and enzyme synthesis are synthesised in the nucleus
2
Q
Rough ER
A
intracellular transport of proteins synthesis by ribosomes
3
Q
Smooth ER
A
- synthesis of lipid and detoxification
- modified to form sacroplasmic reticulum
4
Q
Golgi apparatus
A
- modifies proteins through glycosylation and adds sugar molecules to form glycoproteins
- secretory vesicles produced by Golgi apparatus contain zymogen, mucin , hormones and neurotransmitters, They released their contents to the cell’s exterior through exocytosis.
- fusion of Golgi vesicles with plasma membrane maintains the membrane.
- formation of lysosomes
- formation of perixosomes
- in plant cells, GA secretes polysaccharides for formation of cell plates and cell walls.
5
Q
Lysosomes
A
- digestion of ingested food
- autophagy
- fused with phagocytic vesicles to break down pathogens
- autolysis
- role in metamorphosis
6
Q
ribosome
A
-site of protein synthesis
7
Q
mitochondrion
A
- sites of cellular respiration
8
Q
chloroplasts
A
- sites of photosynthesis
9
Q
microbodies
A
- peroxisomes (detoxification -> breakdown hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water)
- glyoxysomes (contains enxymes that catalyse the conversion of fats and oils into sugar until germinating seedling can produce their own sugar through photosynthesis)
10
Q
Centrioles
A
organisers of spindle fibre
11
Q
Flagellum
A
- important in cell motility
- To acquire food
- to propel fluids
12
Q
microtubules
A
- give shape and mechanical support
- serves as tracks for intracellular movements of organelles or vesicles
- main component of cilia and flagella in cell motility
- component of spindle fibre involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division
- role in cell wall formation
13
Q
Microfilaments
A
- gives support and maintain shape
- role in cellular movements
- actin and myosin filaments are needed for muscle contractions
- constriction of filaments causes cleavage and furrow formation in cytoskeleton
14
Q
intermediate filaments
A
- provide structural support , rigidity to cells and maintenance of shape
- provide anchorage of nucleus and some other organelles
- formation of nuclear lamina
15
Q
vacuole
A
- store food substances
- contain coloured pigments in some petal flowers of plants to attract insects for pollination
- accumulate waste products
- enable bulk intake of large food particles
- contractile vacuole regulate water content in the cell
